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英语
题目

28. (2.0分) Participles can function in a sentence as: ( )A attribute (modifying a noun)B adverbialC main verbD subject

28. (2.0分) Participles can function in a sentence as: ( ) A attribute (modifying a noun) B adverbial C main verb D subject

题目解答

答案

题目分析

题目询问的是:分词(Participles)在句子中可以充当什么成分?

我们需要明确什么是分词。分词包括现在分词(-ing 形式)和过去分词(-ed 或不规则变化形式)。分词是一种非谓语动词,它具有动词、形容词和副词的特征。

选项逐一分析

  • A. attribute (modifying a noun) —— 定语(修饰名词)
    分词最典型的用法之一就是作定语。

    • 例如:a sleeping baby(现在分词作定语,修饰 baby);a broken window(过去分词作定语,修饰 window)。
    • 这个选项是正确的。
  • B. adverbial —— 状语
    分词(短语)经常用来作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。

    • 例如:Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.(现在分词作时间状语)
    • Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.(过去分词作条件/时间状语)
    • 这个选项是正确的。
  • C. main verb —— 谓语动词(主要动词)
    分词本身不能单独作谓语,它必须与助动词(如 be, have 等)结合才能构成谓语动词的时态或语态(例如:is doing, has done, was seen)。

    • 在严格的语法分类中,分词作为非谓语动词,不能独立充当句子的主要动词(main verb)。
    • 因此,这个选项通常不选。
  • D. subject —— 主语
    在英语中,充当主语的非谓语动词形式是动名词(Gerund)或不定式(Infinitive)。

    • 虽然现在分词和动名词形式相同(-ing),但当它作主语时,语法上归类为动名词,而不是分词。
    • 例如:Swimming is good exercise.(这里的 swimming 是动名词作主语)。
    • 因此,分词不能作主语,这个选项不选。

结论

分词(Participles)在句子中主要充当定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial),此外还可以作宾语补足语或表语(属于形容词性用法)。

根据题目给出的选项,分词可以充当的成分是 A 和 B。

最终答案:A, B

解析

本题考查分词(Participles)在句子中的语法功能。解题思路是明确分词的定义和特点,然后对每个选项进行分析,判断分词是否能充当该选项所描述的句子成分。

  • 选项A:
    • 分词具有形容词的特征,能够修饰名词作定语。
    • 例如现在分词“sleeping”在“a sleeping baby”中修饰名词“baby”;过去分词“broken”在“a broken window”中修饰名词“window”。所以分词可以作定语,选项A正确。
  • 选项B:
    • 分词(短语)可以用来作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等多种逻辑关系。
    • 例如现在分词短语“Hearing the news”在“Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.”中作时间状语;过去分词短语“Seen from the hill”在“Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.”中作条件或时间状语。所以分词可以作状语,选项B正确。
  • 选项C:
    • 分词是一种非谓语动词,它本身不能单独作谓语。
    • 它必须与助动词(如“be”“have”等)结合才能构成谓语动词的时态或语态,像“is doing”“has done”“was seen”等。所以分词不能独立充当句子的主要动词(main verb),选项C错误。
  • 选项D:
    • 在英语中,充当主语的非谓语动词形式是动名词(Gerund)或不定式(Infinitive)。
    • 虽然现在分词和动名词形式都是“-ing”,但当它作主语时,语法上归类为动名词,而不是分词。例如“Swimming is good exercise.”中,“swimming”是动名词作主语。所以分词不能作主语,选项D错误。

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