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1. (10.0分) Which of the following is the first-line treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning? A A.dministration of high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask B. Intravenous administration of naloxone C. Use of activated charcoal to absorb the toxin D. Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation

1. (10.0分) Which of the following is the first-line treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning? A
A.dministration of high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask
B. Intravenous administration of naloxone
C. Use of activated charcoal to absorb the toxin
D. Immediate intubation and mechanical ventilation

题目解答

答案

### 问题解析 急性一氧化碳中毒是一种紧急医疗情况,需要迅速而有效的治疗。一氧化碳(CO)是一种无色、无味、无刺激性的气体,它通过与血红蛋白结合形成碳氧血红蛋白(COHb),从而减少血液携带氧气的能力,导致组织缺氧。 ### 选项分析 - **A. 通过非重复呼吸面罩给予高流量氧气** - **解析**:高流量氧气是急性一氧化碳中毒的首选治疗方案。通过提供高浓度的氧气,可以加速碳氧血红蛋白的解离,从而减少一氧化碳在血液中的半衰期。非重复呼吸面罩可以确保患者吸入的氧气浓度达到接近100%。 - **评价**:这是最有效的初始治疗措施。 - **B. 静脉注射纳洛酮** - **解析**:纳洛酮是一种阿片受体拮抗剂,主要用于治疗阿片类药物过量。它对一氧化碳中毒没有直接的治疗作用。 - **评价**:不适用于一氧化碳中毒的治疗。 - **C. 使用活性炭吸附毒素** - **解析**:活性炭主要用于吸附胃肠道内的毒素,对已经进入血液循环的一氧化碳无效。 - **评价**:不适用于一氧化碳中毒的治疗。 - **D. 立即气管插管和机械通气** - **解析**:气管插管和机械通气通常用于严重呼吸衰竭的患者。虽然在某些情况下可能需要,但不是一氧化碳中毒的首选治疗措施。 - **评价**:仅在特定情况下使用,不是首选治疗。 ### 最佳答案 根据上述分析,**A. 通过非重复呼吸面罩给予高流量氧气** 是急性一氧化碳中毒的首选治疗方案。 ### 最终答案 **A. 通过非重复呼吸面罩给予高流量氧气**

解析

急性一氧化碳中毒的核心问题是组织缺氧,因为一氧化碳(CO)与血红蛋白结合形成碳氧血红蛋白(COHb),阻碍氧气运输。治疗的关键是快速提高血液中的氧气浓度,从而加速COHb的解离,缩短CO的半衰期。因此,高流量氧疗是首选措施,能直接解决缺氧问题。其他选项如活性炭、纳洛酮或机械通气,均无法直接针对CO中毒的病理机制。

选项分析:

  1. A. 通过非重复呼吸面罩给予高流量氧气

    • 作用机制:高浓度氧气(接近100%)可显著提高氧分压,促进COHb解离,加速CO排出。
    • 非重复呼吸面罩能避免患者重复吸入呼出气体中的CO,确保高效氧疗。
    • 结论:直接针对CO中毒的核心机制,是最快速有效的治疗。
  2. B. 静脉注射纳洛酮

    • 作用:纳洛酮是阿片受体拮抗剂,仅用于逆转阿片类药物过量的呼吸抑制。
    • 结论:与CO中毒无关,无效。
  3. C. 使用活性炭吸附毒素

    • 作用:活性炭用于胃肠道内未吸收的毒素吸附,但CO已通过肺部进入血液。
    • 结论:无法清除已吸收的CO,无效。
  4. D. 立即气管插管和机械通气

    • 适用场景:仅在患者出现严重呼吸衰竭或意识丧失时考虑。
    • 结论:非首选,属于二线措施。

最终选择:A是唯一直接针对CO中毒病理过程的治疗。

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