题目

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associates his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning". This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to （）. A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotionsB. give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learningC. give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learningD. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced

In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called "classical conditioning". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associates his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called "operant conditioning". This occurs when an individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people, and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger.The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to （）.
  • A. teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions
  • B. give the general reader an account of two basic kinds of learning
  • C. give parents some advice on how to modify their children's emotions through learning
  • D. discuss with psychologists how positive and negative feelings are produced

题目解答

答案

B

解析

步骤 1：理解文章内容
文章主要讨论了两种基本的学习过程：经典条件反射和操作条件反射。通过这两种学习过程，儿童可以学会将某些事件或刺激与奖励或惩罚联系起来，从而学会产生和体验特定的情绪。文章还提到，我们每天都在通过阅读、看电视、与他人互动等方式学习，这些学习过程会影响我们的情绪。

步骤 2：分析选项
A. 教孩子如何学习产生和体验某些情绪
B. 向普通读者介绍两种基本的学习过程
C. 给家长一些建议，如何通过学习来改变孩子的情绪
D. 与心理学家讨论如何产生积极和消极的情绪

步骤 3：选择正确答案
文章主要介绍了两种基本的学习过程，即经典条件反射和操作条件反射，以及这些学习过程如何影响我们的情绪。因此，作者的主要目的是向普通读者介绍这两种基本的学习过程。