题目
Think back to when you were in a maths classroom，and the teacher set a difficult problem. Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted？ A：Oh no，this is too hard for me.I'm not even going to seriously try and work it out. B：Ah，this is quite tricky，but I like to push myself.Even if I don't get the answer right，maybe I'll learn something in the attempt. Early in her career，the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively and loved the challenge.She says they had a 'growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a 'fixed mindset' and were unable to imagine improving.Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost their self-esteem. Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but this makes them vulnerable（脆弱的）to failure.They become performance-oriented，wanting to please by getting high grades，but they are not interested in learning for its own sake.The solution，according to Dweck，is to lead them to become mastery-oriented （i.e.，interested in getting better at something）.She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement. Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less than incredible.They came top in regional tests，beating children from much more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.（1）What can we learn about a person if his answer is closer to "B"？ ____ A.He is performance-oriented.B.He tends to set limits to his life.C.He enjoys the process and focuses on the future.D.He boosts his self-esteem by comparing with others.（2）Which of the following suggestions will Professor Dweck give to parents and teachers？ ____ A.To reward children for their high grades.B.To emphasize the importance of intelligence.C.To ignore the result brought by failure.D.To praise children for their engagement in the process.（3）What does "These children" in the last paragraph refer to？ ____ A.Children showing no interest in learning.B.Children who use fixed mindset techniques.C.hildren from much more privileged backgrounds.D.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation.（4）Why does the author write the text？ ____ A.To distinguish growth mindset and fixed mindset.B.To inform readers of the importance of growth mindset.C.To show several psychological study results.D.To point out a problem in education at the moment.
Think back to when you were in a maths classroom，and the teacher set a difficult problem.
Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted？
A：Oh no，this is too hard for me.I'm not even going to seriously try and work it out.
B：Ah，this is quite tricky，but I like to push myself.Even if I don't get the answer right，maybe I'll learn something in the attempt.
Early in her career，the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively and loved the challenge.She says they had a 'growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a 'fixed mindset' and were unable to imagine improving.Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost their self-esteem.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but this makes them vulnerable（脆弱的）to failure.They become performance-oriented，wanting to please by getting high grades，but they are not interested in learning for its own sake.The solution，according to Dweck，is to lead them to become mastery-oriented （i.e.，interested in getting better at something）.She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.
Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less than incredible.They came top in regional tests，beating children from much more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.
（1）What can we learn about a person if his answer is closer to "B"？ ____
A.He is performance-oriented.
B.He tends to set limits to his life.
C.He enjoys the process and focuses on the future.
D.He boosts his self-esteem by comparing with others.
（2）Which of the following suggestions will Professor Dweck give to parents and teachers？ ____
A.To reward children for their high grades.
B.To emphasize the importance of intelligence.
C.To ignore the result brought by failure.
D.To praise children for their engagement in the process.
（3）What does "These children" in the last paragraph refer to？ ____
A.Children showing no interest in learning.
B.Children who use fixed mindset techniques.
C.hildren from much more privileged backgrounds.
D.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation.
（4）Why does the author write the text？ ____
A.To distinguish growth mindset and fixed mindset.
B.To inform readers of the importance of growth mindset.
C.To show several psychological study results.
D.To point out a problem in education at the moment.
Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted？
A：Oh no，this is too hard for me.I'm not even going to seriously try and work it out.
B：Ah，this is quite tricky，but I like to push myself.Even if I don't get the answer right，maybe I'll learn something in the attempt.
Early in her career，the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively and loved the challenge.She says they had a 'growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a 'fixed mindset' and were unable to imagine improving.Some of them looked for someone who had done worse than them to boost their self-esteem.
Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but this makes them vulnerable（脆弱的）to failure.They become performance-oriented，wanting to please by getting high grades，but they are not interested in learning for its own sake.The solution，according to Dweck，is to lead them to become mastery-oriented （i.e.，interested in getting better at something）.She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.
Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less than incredible.They came top in regional tests，beating children from much more privileged backgrounds. These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.
（1）What can we learn about a person if his answer is closer to "B"？ ____
A.He is performance-oriented.
B.He tends to set limits to his life.
C.He enjoys the process and focuses on the future.
D.He boosts his self-esteem by comparing with others.
（2）Which of the following suggestions will Professor Dweck give to parents and teachers？ ____
A.To reward children for their high grades.
B.To emphasize the importance of intelligence.
C.To ignore the result brought by failure.
D.To praise children for their engagement in the process.
（3）What does "These children" in the last paragraph refer to？ ____
A.Children showing no interest in learning.
B.Children who use fixed mindset techniques.
C.hildren from much more privileged backgrounds.
D.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation.
（4）Why does the author write the text？ ____
A.To distinguish growth mindset and fixed mindset.
B.To inform readers of the importance of growth mindset.
C.To show several psychological study results.
D.To point out a problem in education at the moment.
题目解答
答案
（1）C.推理判断题。根据第三段"B：Ah，this is quite tricky，but I like to push myself.Even if I don't get the answer right，maybe I'll learn something in the attempt.（B：啊，这有点棘手，但是我喜欢逼一下自己。即使我没有得到正确的答案，也许我会在尝试中学到一些东西。）"可知，B答案的同学会积极地面对问题，并且尝试从中学习到一些东西，这是一种积极的反应；结合第四段"Early in her career，the psychologist Carol Dweck of Stanford University gave a group of ten-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them.One group reacted positively and loved the challenge.She says they had a ‘growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future. （斯坦福大学（Stanford University）的心理学家卡罗尔•德韦克（Carol Dweck）在她职业生涯的早期给一组10岁的孩子提出了一些对他们来说稍微太难的问题。其中一组反应积极，喜欢这项挑战。她说，他们有一种"成长心态"，专注于未来能取得的成就。）"可知，对于困难的问题能做出积极反应的孩子会享受这个过程，关注未来。所以一个人的答案接近B答案的话，那么他会享受这个过程，关注未来。故选C。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but this makes them vulnerable（脆弱的） to failure.The solution，according to Dweck，is to lead them to become mastery-oriented （i.e.，interested in getting better at something）.She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.（德韦克教授认为，目前的教育存在问题。多年来，孩子们一直因他们的智力或天赋而受到赞扬，但这使他们很容易失败。他们变得以表现为导向，想通过取得高分来取悦他人，但他们对学习本身不感兴趣。根据Dweck的说法，解决方法是引导他们成为以掌握为导向的人（也就是说，有兴趣在某件事上做得更好）。她认为，长期不懈的努力是取得卓越成就的关键。）"可知，Dweck教授认为掌握一件事是非常重要的，并且要长期坚持不懈地努力，由此可推知，她给到父母和老师的建议是表扬孩子们在这个过程中的参与。故选D。
（3）D.指代猜测题。根据最后一段"Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less than incredible.They came top in regional tests，beating children from much more privileged backgrounds.These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.（心理学家一直在测试这些理论。在美国印第安人保留地，表现不佳的学生接触了一年的成长心态技术。结果简直令人难以置信。他们在地区测试中名列前茅，击败了那些拥有更多特权背景的孩子。这些孩子以前觉得努力是愚蠢的标志，但他们逐渐把努力看成是学习的关键。）"可知，他们测试的对象是这些underperforming school children on a Native American reservation（美国印第安人保留地的表现不佳的学生），由此可知此处的these children指的是"美国印第安人保留地的表现不佳的学生"，故选D。
（4）A.写作意图题。根据第一段"Think back to when you were in a maths classroom，and the teacher set a difficult problem.Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted？（回想一下你在数学课上，老师出了一道难题。下面两种反应哪一种更接近你的反应？）"可知作者以这个问题和两种回答引出本文的主旨，既第四段提到的"She says they had a ‘growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a ‘fixed mindset' and were unable to imagine improving. （她说，他们有一种"成长心态"，专注于未来能取得的成就。但另一组孩子觉得他们的智力被评判了，他们失败了。他们有一个"固定的心态"，无法想象改善。）"所体现的成长心态和固定心态。并且后文还通过心理学家们所做的实验及其结果来证明两者之间的区别和影响，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要说明"成长心态和固定心态"的区别，故选A。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Professor Dweck believes that there is a problem in education at the moment.For years，children have been praised for their intelligence or talent，but this makes them vulnerable（脆弱的） to failure.The solution，according to Dweck，is to lead them to become mastery-oriented （i.e.，interested in getting better at something）.She claims that the ever-lasting effort over time is the key to outstanding achievement.（德韦克教授认为，目前的教育存在问题。多年来，孩子们一直因他们的智力或天赋而受到赞扬，但这使他们很容易失败。他们变得以表现为导向，想通过取得高分来取悦他人，但他们对学习本身不感兴趣。根据Dweck的说法，解决方法是引导他们成为以掌握为导向的人（也就是说，有兴趣在某件事上做得更好）。她认为，长期不懈的努力是取得卓越成就的关键。）"可知，Dweck教授认为掌握一件事是非常重要的，并且要长期坚持不懈地努力，由此可推知，她给到父母和老师的建议是表扬孩子们在这个过程中的参与。故选D。
（3）D.指代猜测题。根据最后一段"Psychologists have been testing these theories.Underperforming school children on a Native American reservation were exposed to growth mindset techniques for a year.The results were nothing less than incredible.They came top in regional tests，beating children from much more privileged backgrounds.These children had previously felt that making an effort was a sign of stupidity，but they came to see it as the key to learning.（心理学家一直在测试这些理论。在美国印第安人保留地，表现不佳的学生接触了一年的成长心态技术。结果简直令人难以置信。他们在地区测试中名列前茅，击败了那些拥有更多特权背景的孩子。这些孩子以前觉得努力是愚蠢的标志，但他们逐渐把努力看成是学习的关键。）"可知，他们测试的对象是这些underperforming school children on a Native American reservation（美国印第安人保留地的表现不佳的学生），由此可知此处的these children指的是"美国印第安人保留地的表现不佳的学生"，故选D。
（4）A.写作意图题。根据第一段"Think back to when you were in a maths classroom，and the teacher set a difficult problem.Which of the two following responses is closer to the way you reacted？（回想一下你在数学课上，老师出了一道难题。下面两种反应哪一种更接近你的反应？）"可知作者以这个问题和两种回答引出本文的主旨，既第四段提到的"She says they had a ‘growth mindset' and are focused on what they can achieve in the future.But another group of children felt that their intelligence was being judged and they had failed.They had a ‘fixed mindset' and were unable to imagine improving. （她说，他们有一种"成长心态"，专注于未来能取得的成就。但另一组孩子觉得他们的智力被评判了，他们失败了。他们有一个"固定的心态"，无法想象改善。）"所体现的成长心态和固定心态。并且后文还通过心理学家们所做的实验及其结果来证明两者之间的区别和影响，由此可知，作者写这篇文章是想要说明"成长心态和固定心态"的区别，故选A。