题目
【题文】 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial American was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological（神学的）innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church --- important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New would circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New English an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less will educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope --- all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.Meanwhile, any settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”【小题1】The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England______. A．Puritan tradition dominated political life. B．intellectual interests were encouraged. C．Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors. D．intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment. 【小题2】Which of the following meaning is closest to that of the underlined word in para.2? A．a virtue B．an intelligent mind C．a taste for fine arts D．a nice character 【小题3】It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders __________. A．experienced a comparatively peaceful early history. B．brought with them the culture of the Old World C．paid little attention to southern intellectual life D．were obsessed with religious innovations 【小题4】The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay______. A．were famous in the New World for their writings B．gained increasing importance in religious affairs C．abandoned high positions before coming to the New World D．created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England 【小题5】The story of John shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often_________. A．influenced by superstitions B．troubled with religious beliefs C．puzzled by church sermons D．frustrated with family earnings
【题文】 The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the new world are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial American was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits.” According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological（神学的）innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church --- important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New would circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New English an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less will educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope --- all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.
Meanwhile, any settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”
【小题1】The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England______.
【小题2】Which of the following meaning is closest to that of the underlined word in para.2?
【小题3】It is suggested in paragraph 2 that New Englanders __________.
【小题4】The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay______.
【小题5】The story of John shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often_________.
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally mean to start with the Puritans’ theological（神学的）innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church --- important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New would circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity.
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts church in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New English an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness.
We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less will educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope --- all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.
Meanwhile, any settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”
【小题1】The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England______.
| A．Puritan tradition dominated political life. |
| B．intellectual interests were encouraged. |
| C．Politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors. |
| D．intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment. |
| A．a virtue | B．an intelligent mind |
| C．a taste for fine arts | D．a nice character |
| A．experienced a comparatively peaceful early history. |
| B．brought with them the culture of the Old World |
| C．paid little attention to southern intellectual life |
| D．were obsessed with religious innovations |
| A．were famous in the New World for their writings |
| B．gained increasing importance in religious affairs |
| C．abandoned high positions before coming to the New World |
| D．created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England |
| A．influenced by superstitions |
| B．troubled with religious beliefs |
| C．puzzled by church sermons |
| D．frustrated with family earnings |
题目解答
答案
【答案】
【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
【小题1】B
【小题2】C
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】A
解析
考查要点：本题主要考查学生对文章主旨、细节理解、词汇推断及逻辑推理的能力。
解题思路：
- 整体把握文章结构：文章对比分析了17世纪新英格兰的知识分子、宗教领袖及其文化影响，强调欧洲文化在新大陆的延续与调整。
- 关键信息定位：通过段落主题句、连接词（如“mean”“however”）锁定细节，结合上下文推断词义。
- 逻辑推理：通过人物事例（如John Dane）理解作者对新英格兰社会文化特征的隐含评价。
【小题1】
关键句：第一段首句指出新英格兰的知识分子和政治领袖是“most thoroughly studied”，第二句提到“so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits”，说明智力追求受重视。
选项分析：
- B（智力兴趣被鼓励）直接对应“intellectual pursuits”被强调，其他选项（如A的“清教传统主导政治”）未被原文明确支持。
【小题2】
词义推断：第二段“ideals of civility and virtuosity”中，“virtuosity”与“civility”并列，指“文化修养”。
选项分析：
- C（对艺术的鉴赏力）最接近“virtuosity”（意为“艺术造诣”），其他选项（如A“美德”）范围过宽。
【小题3】
段落主旨：第二段末句强调新英格兰殖民地是“European culture”适应新环境的场景，说明文化延续性。
选项分析：
- B（带来旧大陆文化）直接对应“carriers of European culture”。
【小题4】
细节定位：第三段提到早期领导者的教育背景和写作成就，最后一句强调“intellectual earnestness”（智力氛围）。
选项分析：
- D（创造新智力氛围）符合“giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness”。
【小题5】
事例分析：John Dane因占卜决定移民，说明迷信思想影响普通民众。
选项分析：
- A（受迷信影响）直接对应“traditional superstitions quality”。