Section C-|||-Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.-|||-For each of them there are four choices marked A),B)C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the-|||-corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.-|||-Passage One-|||-Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.-|||-Most people can remember a phone number for up to thirty seconds.When this short amount of time elapses, however,-|||-the numbers are erased from the memory.How did the information get there in the first place? Information that makes its way-|||-to the short term memory (STM)does so via the sensory storage area.The brain has a filter which only allows stimuli that is-|||-of immediate interest to pass on to the STM,also known as the working memory.-|||-There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short term memory.The most accepted theory comes-|||-from George A.Miller,a cognitive psychologist who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunk-|||-of information.A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information,such as a word or name rather than just a letter or-|||-number.Modern theorists suggest that one can increase the capacity of the short term memory by chunking,or classifying-|||-similar information toget By organizing information one can optimize the STM,and improve the chances of a memory-|||-being passed on to long term storage.-|||-When making a conscious effort to memorize something,such as information for an exam,many people engage in-|||-"rote rehearsal".By repeating something over and over again,we are able to keep a memory alive.Unfortunately,this type-|||-of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions.As soon as a person stops rehearsing the informatio-|||-has the tendency to disappear.When a pen and paper are not handy,you might attempt to remember a phone number by-|||-repeating it aloud.If the doorbell rings or the dog barks to come in before you get the opportunity to make your phone call,-|||-you will forget the number instantly.Therefore,rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short term-|||-to long term memory.A better way is to practice elaborate rehearsal".This involves assigning semant meaning to a piece-|||-information so that it can be filed along with other pre-existing long term memories.-|||-Encoding information sema also makes it more retrievable.Retrievi information can be done by recognition or-|||-recall.Humans can recall memories that are stored in the long term memory and used often.However, if a memor seems to-|||-be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting.The more cues a person is given (such as pictures),the more likely-|||-memory can be retrieved.This is why multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorization.-|||-46.According to the passage,how do memories get transferred to the STM?-|||-A)They stem from the long term memory. C)They get rearranged when they enter the brain.-|||-B)They are filtered from the sensory storage area. D)They enter STM via the nervous system.-|||-47.How can a person remember more information in a short time according to modern theorists?-|||-A)By organizing it. C)By giving it a name.-|||-B)By repeating it. D)By writing it down on paper.-|||-48.Why does the author mention a dog`s bark?-|||-A)To exemplify poor memory.-|||-B)To analyze a type of interruption.-|||-C)To compare human memory with dogs`memory.-|||-D)To illustrate the lack of efficiency of rote rehearsal.-|||-49.What does the author say about retrieving informat-|||-A)Elaborate rehearsal contributes to informatio retrieval.-|||-B)Assigning semantic meaning to the information is the best.-|||-C)It is impossible to retrieve information without prompts-|||-D)Encoding information is more efficient than chunking it.-|||-50.What do we learn from the passage?-|||-A)One`s memory capacity can be enhanced by rote rehearsal.-|||-B)Putting information down is good for improving memory-|||-C)Providing sufficient prompts helps information retrieval.-|||-D)Muliplechoice camsare t for people.