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题目

下列属于同位语从句的是()。A That he is a teacher is true.B The truth is that he is a teacher.C This is the truth that he is a teacher.D I know that he is a teacher.

下列属于同位语从句的是()。 A That he is a teacher is true. B The truth is that he is a teacher. C This is the truth that he is a teacher. D I know that he is a teacher.

题目解答

答案

我们来一步一步分析这道题。

题目要求我们找出属于同位语从句的句子。

一、什么是同位语从句?

同位语从句(Appositive Clause) 是一种名词性从句,用来对前面的名词进行解释、说明或补充,即说明该名词的具体内容。它通常跟在某些抽象名词后面,比如:

  • fact(事实)
  • news(消息)
  • idea(想法)
  • truth(真相)
  • belief(信念)
  • hope(希望)
  • suggestion(建议)
  • information(信息)

同位语从句的引导词常用 that,但这个 that 只起连接作用,不充当成分,不能省略(在正式语体中)。

关键点是:从句是名词的“同位语”,说明这个名词的具体内容。

二、分析选项

A. That he is a teacher is true.

翻译:他是老师这件事是真的。

结构分析:

  • 主语是 "That he is a teacher"(主语从句)
  • 系动词 is
  • 表语是 true

这个句子中,"That he is a teacher" 是整个句子的主语,所以这是一个主语从句,不是同位语从句。

❌ 不是同位语从句。

B. The truth is that he is a teacher.

翻译:真相是他是一名老师。

结构分析:

  • 主语:The truth
  • 系动词:is
  • 表语:that he is a teacher(表语从句)

这里的 "that he is a teacher" 是表语从句,用来说明“the truth 是什么”,但它并不是紧跟在名词后面作同位语,而是放在系动词后面作表语。

虽然内容上它解释了“truth”,但从语法结构上看,这是表语从句,不是同位语从句。

❌ 不是同位语从句。

C. This is the truth that he is a teacher.

翻译:这就是他是一名老师的事实。

结构分析:

  • This is...
  • the truth 后面跟了一个从句 that he is a teacher

现在要看:that he is a teacher 是修饰 "truth" 的定语从句?还是说明 "truth" 内容的同位语从句?

关键区别:

  • 定语从句:修饰名词,相当于形容词,说明“什么样的truth”;
  • 同位语从句:说明名词的具体内容。

我们判断方法是看从句中 that 是否充当成分:

  • 如果 that 在从句中不作成分,只是引导一个完整句子来说明名词内容 → 同位语从句;
  • 如果 that 在从句中作主语、宾语等 → 定语从句。

在这个句子中:

> that he is a teacher

  • he 是主语
  • is 是谓语
  • a teacher 是表语

→ 从句本身完整,that 没有充当任何成分,只是引导一个句子来说明 “the truth” 的具体内容。

所以,这是典型的同位语从句。

✅ 正确,是同位语从句。

D. I know that he is a teacher.

翻译:我知道他是一名老师。

结构分析:

  • 主语:I
  • 谓语:know
  • 宾语:that he is a teacher

→ 这是一个宾语从句,that 引导的从句作 know 的宾语。

❌ 不是同位语从句。

三、结论

只有 C 选项 中的 "that he is a teacher" 是紧跟在抽象名词 "the truth" 后,用来说明其具体内容,且 that 不作成分,符合同位语从句的特征。

✅ 正确答案是:C

\boxed{C}

解析

同位语从句是名词性从句的一种,用于解释、说明前面名词的具体内容。其关键特征包括:

  1. 紧跟抽象名词(如truth, fact, news等);
  2. 由that引导,且that不作成分,仅起连接作用;
  3. 从句内容直接说明名词的具体含义,而非修饰名词的性质。

本题需通过分析各选项的句法结构,判断是否存在上述特征。

选项分析

A. That he is a teacher is true.

  • 结构:主语从句(That he is a teacher作主语)。
  • 结论:非同位语从句。

B. The truth is that he is a teacher.

  • 结构:表语从句(that he is a teacher作表语,说明the truth的内容)。
  • 结论:非同位语从句。

C. This is the truth that he is a teacher.

  • 结构:
    • the truth为先行词,that he is a teacher直接说明其具体内容。
    • that不作成分,仅引导从句。
  • 结论:符合同位语从句特征。

D. I know that he is a teacher.

  • 结构:宾语从句(that he is a teacher作动词know的宾语)。
  • 结论:非同位语从句。

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