题目
English-Chinese TranslationWith an educated public and tighter control of usage, could antibiotic resistance be not just controlled but reduce? Optimists suggest when a bacterium acquires genes to provide resistance it does so at a cost, so that resistant bacteria would once again be replaced by non-resistant ones if the use of a particular antibiotic was stopped.Unfortunately, the latest evidence suggests that some bacteria can simply acquire other mutations that allow them to keep resistance at little cost.
English-Chinese Translation
With an educated public and tighter control of usage, could antibiotic resistance be not just controlled but reduce? Optimists suggest when a bacterium acquires genes to provide resistance it does so at a cost, so that resistant bacteria would once again be replaced by non-resistant ones if the use of a particular antibiotic was stopped.
Unfortunately, the latest evidence suggests that some bacteria can simply acquire other mutations that allow them to keep resistance at little cost.
题目解答
答案
第一句可译为：若公众教育到位且抗生素使用受控，耐药性是否可被控制并减少？
第二句：乐观者认为，细菌获耐药基因需付出代价，停用抗生素后，耐药菌将被非耐药菌取代。
第三句：最新证据表明，部分细菌可通过其他突变，几乎无代价维持耐药性。
完整译文：
“如果公众受过教育且抗生素使用受到更严格控制，抗生素耐药性是否可以不仅被控制，还能被减少？乐观者认为，当细菌获得耐药基因时，会付出一定代价。因此，如果停止使用某种抗生素，耐药菌将再次被非耐药菌取代。然而，最新证据表明，某些细菌只需获得其他突变，即可几乎不付出代价地维持耐药性。”
（或：）
“通过提高公众教育水平并加强抗生素使用管理，是否可以不仅控制抗生素耐药性，还能将其减少？乐观者认为，细菌在获得耐药基因时会付出一定代价，因此若停止使用某种抗生素，耐药菌将被非耐药菌取代。然而，最新证据显示，某些细菌可以通过其他突变，以极低的代价保持耐药性。”