题目
Urbanization Until relatively recently，the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago. （1） ____ In fact，nearly everyonelived on farms or in tiny rural villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living. Britain was only the beginning. （2） ____ The process of urbanization-the migration of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live. In 1990，fewer than 40%of Americans lived in urban areas.Today，over 82%of Americans live in cities.Only about 2%live on farms. （3） ____ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. （4） ____ Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英）and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city. Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. （5） ____ Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.A.That kept cities very small.B.The rest live in small towns.C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E.But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
Urbanization Until relatively recently，the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5，500 years ago. （1） ____ In fact，nearly everyone
lived on farms or in tiny rural villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. （2） ____ The process of urbanization-the migration of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990，fewer than 40%of Americans lived in urban areas.Today，over 82%of Americans live in cities.Only about 2%live on farms. （3） ____
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. （4） ____ Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英）and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. （5） ____ Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A.That kept cities very small.
B.The rest live in small towns.
C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.
E.But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.
F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
lived on farms or in tiny rural villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history-a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. （2） ____ The process of urbanization-the migration of people from the countryside to the city-was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990，fewer than 40%of Americans lived in urban areas.Today，over 82%of Americans live in cities.Only about 2%live on farms. （3） ____
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. （4） ____ Until modern times，those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite（精英）and the servants，laborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries，the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. （5） ____ Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A.That kept cities very small.
B.The rest live in small towns.
C.The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D.Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.
E.But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.
F.Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G.Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
题目解答
答案
（1）E.细节理解题。根据后句In fact，nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural（乡村的）villages. （事实上，几乎每个人都住在农场或小乡村），可知表示"但即使在200年前，只有少数人可以住在城市里"的选项E符合前后的语境，nearly everyone和only a few people是关联词，故选E。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据前句Britain was only the beginning（英国只是一个开始）；以及后句The process of urbanization—the migration（迁徙）of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live（城市化进程---从农村到城市的迁徙---是人口增长是现代化的结果，现代化迅速改变了人们的生活方式和生活地点），可知表示"很快，许多其他工业国家变成了城市社会"的选项D可以起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据前句Only about 2% live on farms（只有大约2%的人生活在农场），可知表示"其余的住在小城镇"的选项B符合前后的语境，Only about 2%和The rest是关联词，故选B。
（4）A.细节理解题。根据前句Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities（即使在先进的农业社会，也需要95个人在农场养活城市中的5个人），可知表示"这让城市变得非常小"的选项A符合前后的语境，That代指前句，故选A。
（5）F.推理判断题。根据后句Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers（今天，一个美国农民可以养活一百多个非农民，而不是需要九十五个农民来养活五个城市居民），可知表示"现代化将人们吸引到城市，使农民的生产力提高"的选项F符合前后的因果关系，故选F。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据前句Britain was only the beginning（英国只是一个开始）；以及后句The process of urbanization—the migration（迁徙）of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization，which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live（城市化进程---从农村到城市的迁徙---是人口增长是现代化的结果，现代化迅速改变了人们的生活方式和生活地点），可知表示"很快，许多其他工业国家变成了城市社会"的选项D可以起到承上启下的作用，故选D。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据前句Only about 2% live on farms（只有大约2%的人生活在农场），可知表示"其余的住在小城镇"的选项B符合前后的语境，Only about 2%和The rest是关联词，故选B。
（4）A.细节理解题。根据前句Even in advanced agricultural societies，it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities（即使在先进的农业社会，也需要95个人在农场养活城市中的5个人），可知表示"这让城市变得非常小"的选项A符合前后的语境，That代指前句，故选A。
（5）F.推理判断题。根据后句Today，instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people，one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers（今天，一个美国农民可以养活一百多个非农民，而不是需要九十五个农民来养活五个城市居民），可知表示"现代化将人们吸引到城市，使农民的生产力提高"的选项F符合前后的因果关系，故选F。
解析
步骤 1：理解背景信息
文章讨论了城市化的过程，从人类历史上的第一次城市建立到现代社会的城市化现象。文章指出，直到20世纪，英国才成为第一个城市社会，即大多数人都生活在城市中，而不是从事农业工作。城市化是现代化的结果，它迅速改变了人们的生活方式和居住地点。
步骤 2：分析选项
选项E：But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.（但即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。）
选项D：Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.（很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。）
选项B：The rest live in small towns.（其余的人住在小城镇。）
选项A：That kept cities very small.（这使城市非常小。）
选项F：Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.（现代化吸引了人们到城市，并使农民更富有生产力。）
选项G：Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.（现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。）
步骤 3：选择正确答案
根据文章内容，选项E符合第一段的背景信息，即在200年前，只有少数人能住在城市里。选项D符合第二段的背景信息，即英国只是一个开始，很快许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。选项B符合第三段的背景信息，即除了2%的人住在农场，其余的人住在小城镇。选项A符合第四段的背景信息，即在农业社会，需要95个人在农场养活城市中的5个人，这使城市非常小。选项F符合第五段的背景信息，即工业革命打破了城市和乡村之间的平衡，现代化吸引了人们到城市，并使农民更富有生产力。选项G不符合文章内容，文章没有提到现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。
文章讨论了城市化的过程，从人类历史上的第一次城市建立到现代社会的城市化现象。文章指出，直到20世纪，英国才成为第一个城市社会，即大多数人都生活在城市中，而不是从事农业工作。城市化是现代化的结果，它迅速改变了人们的生活方式和居住地点。
步骤 2：分析选项
选项E：But even 200 years ago，only a few people could live in cities.（但即使在200年前，也只有少数人能住在城市里。）
选项D：Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.（很快，许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。）
选项B：The rest live in small towns.（其余的人住在小城镇。）
选项A：That kept cities very small.（这使城市非常小。）
选项F：Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.（现代化吸引了人们到城市，并使农民更富有生产力。）
选项G：Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.（现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。）
步骤 3：选择正确答案
根据文章内容，选项E符合第一段的背景信息，即在200年前，只有少数人能住在城市里。选项D符合第二段的背景信息，即英国只是一个开始，很快许多其他工业国家也变成了城市社会。选项B符合第三段的背景信息，即除了2%的人住在农场，其余的人住在小城镇。选项A符合第四段的背景信息，即在农业社会，需要95个人在农场养活城市中的5个人，这使城市非常小。选项F符合第五段的背景信息，即工业革命打破了城市和乡村之间的平衡，现代化吸引了人们到城市，并使农民更富有生产力。选项G不符合文章内容，文章没有提到现代城市破坏了社会关系和人类的健康。