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三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(每小题5分共20分)1. Engineering graphics is a cornerstone of engineering. The essence of engineering—that is, design—requires graphics as the means of communication within the design process.2. In the early days of engineer, the mating of parts was achieved by machining one part as nearly as possible to the required size, machining the mating part nearly to size, and then completing this machining, continually offering the other part to it, until the desired relationship was obtained.3. Thus, if a machine is completely dismantled, a collecting of simple parts remains such as nuts, bolts, springs gears, cams and shafts—the building block of all machinery.4. A great improvement is usually found in the surface finish on the work and the tool can make heavier cuts without detriment and will last considerably longer without regrinding.

三、Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(每小题5分共20分) 1. Engineering graphics is a cornerstone of engineering. The essence of engineering—that is, design—requires graphics as the means of communication within the design process. 2. In the early days of engineer, the mating of parts was achieved by machining one part as nearly as possible to the required size, machining the mating part nearly to size, and then completing this machining, continually offering the other part to it, until the desired relationship was obtained. 3. Thus, if a machine is completely dismantled, a collecting of simple parts remains such as nuts, bolts, springs gears, cams and shafts—the building block of all machinery. 4. A great improvement is usually found in the surface finish on the work and the tool can make heavier cuts without detriment and will last considerably longer without regrinding.

题目解答

答案

1. 工程制图是工程的基石。工程的本质——即设计——需要图形作为设计过程中沟通的手段。(或:工程制图是工程的基础。工程的核心——设计——需要图形作为设计过程中交流的媒介。) 2. 在工程早期,零件配合是通过将一个零件加工至接近要求尺寸,另一零件也加工至接近尺寸,然后反复试装,直至达到所需配合关系。(或:在工程的早期,零件的配合是通过将一个零件加工到尽可能接近要求的尺寸,将配合件加工到接近尺寸,然后完成加工,不断将另一零件试装到其上,直到达到所需的配合关系。) 3. 因此,若将机器完全拆解,剩余的是一些简单零件,例如螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴等,它们是所有机械的基本构成单元。(或:因此,如果将一台机器完全拆解,剩下的是一些简单零件,如螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴等——这些是所有机械的基本构件。) 4. 工件的表面质量通常会有显著改善,同时工具可以承受更重的切削而不致损坏,并且在无需重磨的情况下可使用更长时间。(或:通常,工件的表面光洁度会有显著提高,同时工具可以进行更重的切削而不致损坏,并且在无需重磨的情况下可使用更长时间。)

解析

本题考查的是英文句子的翻译能力。解题思路如下:

  1. 首先,逐词理解每个英文句子中单词的含义。对于一些专业术语,如“Engineering graphics”“mating of parts”“dismantled”“surface finish”等,要准确把握其在工程领域的专业意思。
  2. 接着,分析句子的语法结构。确定句子的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分,以及各种从句、短语的功能和作用。例如,在句子 “The essence of engineering—that is, design—requires graphics as the means of communication within the design process.” 中,“that is, design” 是对 “The essence of engineering” 的解释说明。
  3. 然后,根据中文的表达习惯进行翻译。注意调整语序,使译文符合中文的逻辑和语言习惯。比如,英文中常使用被动语态,而中文更倾向于主动语态,在翻译时可能需要进行适当的转换。
  4. 最后,检查译文的准确性和流畅性,确保没有遗漏或误译的地方,同时保证译文的表达自然、通顺。

第1句

  • “Engineering graphics” 翻译为 “工程制图” ;“cornerstone” 是 “基石” 的意思;“essence” 表示 “本质” ;“design” 即 “设计” ;“means of communication” 可译为 “沟通的手段” 或 “交流的媒介” 。整句按照中文习惯调整语序后,得到 “工程制图是工程的基石。工程的本质——即设计——需要图形作为设计过程中沟通的手段。” 或 “工程制图是工程的基础。工程的核心——设计——需要图形作为设计过程中交流的媒介。”

第2句

  • “In the early days of engineer” 应理解为 “在工程早期” ;“mating of parts” 是 “零件配合” ;“machining” 是 “加工” ;“continually offering the other part to it” 可译为 “反复试装” 。所以句子翻译为 “在工程早期,零件配合是通过将一个零件加工至接近要求尺寸,另一零件也加工至接近尺寸,然后反复试装,直至达到所需配合关系。” 或 “在工程的早期,零件的配合是通过将一个零件加工到尽可能接近要求的尺寸,将配合件加工到接近尺寸,然后完成加工,不断将另一零件试装到其上,直到达到所需的配合关系。”

第3句

  • “dismantled” 是 “拆解” 的意思;“a collecting of simple parts” 可译为 “一些简单零件” ;“nuts, bolts, springs gears, cams and shafts” 分别是 “螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴” ;“building block” 表示 “基本构成单元” 或 “基本构件” 。因此,句子翻译为 “因此,若将机器完全拆解,剩余的是一些简单零件,例如螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴等,它们是所有机械的基本构成单元。” 或 “因此,如果将一台机器完全拆解,剩下的是一些简单零件,如螺母、螺栓、弹簧、齿轮、凸轮和轴等——这些是所有机械的基本构件。”

第4句

  • “surface finish” 可译为 “表面质量” 或 “表面光洁度” ;“make heavier cuts” 是 “进行更重的切削” ;“without detriment” 表示 “不致损坏” ;“regrinding” 是 “重磨” 。所以句子翻译为 “工件的表面质量通常会有显著改善,同时工具可以承受更重的切削而不致损坏,并且在无需重磨的情况下可使用更长时间。” 或 “通常,工件的表面光洁度会有显著提高,同时工具可以进行更重的切削而不致损坏,并且在无需重磨的情况下可使用更长时间。”

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