题目
Many people think of nail biting as a nervous habit, but the driving force may not be anxiety. Accumulating evidence shows that people who keep bite their nails, picking their skin or pulling their hair are often perfectionists, and their actions may help soothe boredom, irritation(恼怒) and dissatisfaction.As many as one in 20 people suffer from body-focused repetitive disorders, engaging in behaviors such as biting their nails or plucking out hair until they damage their appearance or cause themselves pain. These disorders are distantly related to obsessive-compulsive disorder(强迫症).A new study in England adds evidence to a theory that perfectionism, rather than anxiety, is at the root of these behaviors. The researchers first surveyed 48 participants, half of whom scored as organizational perfectionists, showing a tendency to overplan, overwork themselves and get frustrated quickly without high levels of performance.Researchers then put the participants in situations designed to provoke four different emotions: to incite(激发) stress, they showed a movie of a plane crash; to promote relaxation, they showed a movie of waves; to elicit(引发) frustration, they presented a difficult puzzle but said it was easy; and to evoke (引起) boredom, they made participants sit in a room alone. People who were perfectionists engaged in the body-focused behaviors during all the situations except the relaxing movie.The work indicates that stress is far from the only cause of these compulsions. Boredom and frustration may be more important triggers. Past research suggests that the biting or scratching indeed makes people feel better temporarily——perhaps satisfying the perfectionist urge to be doing something rather than nothing. After the initial relief, however, comes pain, shame and embarrassment.The findings could help therapists treat patients who suffer from the disorders; studies have shown that these types of perfectionist beliefs and behaviors can be eased with cognitive-behavior therapy. If patients can learn to think and act differently when tension builds, they may be able to stop the urge before it starts.Which statement is true about body-focused repetitive disorders?A. This condition mainly affects perfectionists when they feel anxious.B. Nail biting and hair plucking are frequently associated with this condition.C. People who suffer from this condition intend to damage their bodies.D. This condition has a close relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Many people think of nail biting as a nervous habit, but the driving force may not be anxiety. Accumulating evidence shows that people who keep bite their nails, picking their skin or pulling their hair are often perfectionists, and their actions may help soothe boredom, irritation(恼怒) and dissatisfaction.As many as one in 20 people suffer from body-focused repetitive disorders, engaging in behaviors such as biting their nails or plucking out hair until they damage their appearance or cause themselves pain. These disorders are distantly related to obsessive-compulsive disorder(强迫症).A new study in England adds evidence to a theory that perfectionism, rather than anxiety, is at the root of these behaviors. The researchers first surveyed 48 participants, half of whom scored as organizational perfectionists, showing a tendency to overplan, overwork themselves and get frustrated quickly without high levels of performance.Researchers then put the participants in situations designed to provoke four different emotions: to incite(激发) stress, they showed a movie of a plane crash; to promote relaxation, they showed a movie of waves; to elicit(引发) frustration, they presented a difficult puzzle but said it was easy; and to evoke (引起) boredom, they made participants sit in a room alone. People who were perfectionists engaged in the body-focused behaviors during all the situations except the relaxing movie.The work indicates that stress is far from the only cause of these compulsions. Boredom and frustration may be more important triggers. Past research suggests that the biting or scratching indeed makes people feel better temporarily——perhaps satisfying the perfectionist urge to be doing something rather than nothing. After the initial relief, however, comes pain, shame and embarrassment.The findings could help therapists treat patients who suffer from the disorders; studies have shown that these types of perfectionist beliefs and behaviors can be eased with cognitive-behavior therapy. If patients can learn to think and act differently when tension builds, they may be able to stop the urge before it starts.Which statement is true about body-focused repetitive disorders?
- A. This condition mainly affects perfectionists when they feel anxious.
- B. Nail biting and hair plucking are frequently associated with this condition.
- C. People who suffer from this condition intend to damage their bodies.
- D. This condition has a close relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder.
题目解答
答案
B
解析
步骤 1：理解背景信息
文章讨论了身体聚焦重复性障碍（body-focused repetitive disorders），指出这种障碍与完美主义有关，而不是焦虑。文章提到，这种障碍包括咬指甲、拔头发等行为，这些行为可能导致外观受损或疼痛。
步骤 2：分析选项
A. 这种情况主要影响完美主义者在他们感到焦虑时。——文章指出完美主义者在多种情绪下（包括无聊和挫败感）会表现出这些行为，而不仅仅是焦虑。
B. 咬指甲和拔头发经常与这种情况有关。——文章明确提到咬指甲和拔头发是这种障碍的一部分。
C. 患有这种情况的人有意伤害他们的身体。——文章指出这些行为是无意识的，目的是缓解情绪，而不是有意伤害身体。
D. 这种情况与强迫症有密切关系。——文章指出这种障碍与强迫症有远亲关系，而不是密切关系。
步骤 3：选择正确答案
根据文章内容，选项B是正确的，因为文章明确提到咬指甲和拔头发是这种障碍的一部分。
文章讨论了身体聚焦重复性障碍（body-focused repetitive disorders），指出这种障碍与完美主义有关，而不是焦虑。文章提到，这种障碍包括咬指甲、拔头发等行为，这些行为可能导致外观受损或疼痛。
步骤 2：分析选项
A. 这种情况主要影响完美主义者在他们感到焦虑时。——文章指出完美主义者在多种情绪下（包括无聊和挫败感）会表现出这些行为，而不仅仅是焦虑。
B. 咬指甲和拔头发经常与这种情况有关。——文章明确提到咬指甲和拔头发是这种障碍的一部分。
C. 患有这种情况的人有意伤害他们的身体。——文章指出这些行为是无意识的，目的是缓解情绪，而不是有意伤害身体。
D. 这种情况与强迫症有密切关系。——文章指出这种障碍与强迫症有远亲关系，而不是密切关系。
步骤 3：选择正确答案
根据文章内容，选项B是正确的，因为文章明确提到咬指甲和拔头发是这种障碍的一部分。