题目
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States? Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least. Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes. 1 What is surprising about Americans who worship variety and individuality? A They still judge a man by his clothes. B They hold the uniform in such high regard. C They enjoy having a professional identity. D They will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform. 2 How are people accustomed to thinking about a man in uniform? A He is doing quality work. B He discards his social identity. C He appears to be more practical. D He looks superior to a person in civilian clothes. 3 What is the chief function of a uniform? A It provides practical benefits to the wearer. B It makes the wearer catch the public eye. C It inspires the wearer's confidence in himself. D It provides the wearer with a professional identity. 4 What can we learn about people wearing uniforms from the passage? A They are usually helpful. B They have little or no individual freedom. C They tend to lose their individuality. D They enjoy greater popularity. 5 What would be the best title for this passage? A Uniforms and Society. B The Importance of Wearing a Uniform. C Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform. D Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms.
Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
1 What is surprising about Americans who worship variety and individuality?
A They still judge a man by his clothes.
B They hold the uniform in such high regard.
C They enjoy having a professional identity.
D They will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform.
2 How are people accustomed to thinking about a man in uniform?
A He is doing quality work.
B He discards his social identity.
C He appears to be more practical.
D He looks superior to a person in civilian clothes.
3 What is the chief function of a uniform?
A It provides practical benefits to the wearer.
B It makes the wearer catch the public eye.
C It inspires the wearer's confidence in himself.
D It provides the wearer with a professional identity.
4 What can we learn about people wearing uniforms from the passage?
A They are usually helpful.
B They have little or no individual freedom.
C They tend to lose their individuality.
D They enjoy greater popularity.
5 What would be the best title for this passage?
A Uniforms and Society.
B The Importance of Wearing a Uniform.
C Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform.
D Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms.
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
1 What is surprising about Americans who worship variety and individuality?
A They still judge a man by his clothes.
B They hold the uniform in such high regard.
C They enjoy having a professional identity.
D They will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform.
2 How are people accustomed to thinking about a man in uniform?
A He is doing quality work.
B He discards his social identity.
C He appears to be more practical.
D He looks superior to a person in civilian clothes.
3 What is the chief function of a uniform?
A It provides practical benefits to the wearer.
B It makes the wearer catch the public eye.
C It inspires the wearer's confidence in himself.
D It provides the wearer with a professional identity.
4 What can we learn about people wearing uniforms from the passage?
A They are usually helpful.
B They have little or no individual freedom.
C They tend to lose their individuality.
D They enjoy greater popularity.
5 What would be the best title for this passage?
A Uniforms and Society.
B The Importance of Wearing a Uniform.
C Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform.
D Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms.
题目解答
答案
1 B
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 D
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 D
解析
考查要点：本题为阅读理解题，主要考查学生对文章主旨、细节理解、推理判断的能力。文章围绕“制服在美国的流行现象”展开，核心思路是分析制服的优点与缺点，需结合段落结构和论点定位答案。
破题关键：
- 明确文章结构：文章前两段讲“支持制服的理由”（专业性、实际便利），后两段讲“反对制服的理由”（缺乏个性、实际问题）。
- 定位关键句：问题多涉及作者观点或隐含判断，需结合上下文推断。
- 区分选项干扰：注意选项中“偷换概念”（如第1题选项D扩大范围）或“过度推断”（如第4题选项B未被原文支持）。
第1题
问题：美国人崇拜多样性却对制服有高度敬意，这现象为何令人惊讶？
关键句：首段末句“Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?”引出矛盾。
选项分析：
- B选项“对制服如此尊敬”直接对应文章开头的对比（崇拜多样性却爱制服）。
- 排除干扰：A选项“以衣着判断人”未被强调，D选项“同等尊重电梯员和将军”是现象而非原因。
第2题
问题：人们如何看待穿制服的人？
关键句：第2段“People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform.”
选项分析：
- A选项“工作质量高”与“superior quality”对应。
- 排除干扰：B选项“放弃社会身份”与原文“职业身份”混淆。
第3题
问题：制服的主要功能是什么？
关键句：第2段末“Faith in the skill...to step out of uniform”强调制服与职业身份的关联。
选项分析：
- D选项“职业身份”是文章反复强调的核心功能（如护士、警察等例子）。
- 排除干扰：A选项“实际便利”是次要作用。
第4题
问题：穿制服的人有何特点？
关键句：第4段“lack of variety...loss of individuality”直接点明。
选项分析：
- C选项“失去个性”与原文“consequent loss of individuality”一致。
- 排除干扰：B选项“无自由”属过度推断。
第5题
问题：最佳标题是什么？
关键句：文章结构为“优点 vs 缺点”。
选项分析：
- D选项“利弊”全面概括。
- 排除干扰：A、B、C均只涉及单方面内容。