题目

Cancer of the prostate gland (前列腺)is one of the leading types of cancers affecting men in their 60s. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, in 2012 it was diagnosed in more than one million men. Treatment can be successful if the cancer is diagnosed early, which is why doctors regularly prescribe testing for the so-called prostate-specific antigen, or PSA (前列腺特异抗原)for short, found in urine (尿). But that test often gives false alarms or identifies cancers that develop so slowly and don't require treatment. With the help of man's best friend, prostate cancer detection may soon be much more accurate. "Dogs have got this fantastic sense of smell; 300 million sensory receptors (感觉接受器)- humans have five million. So they're very, very good at finding minute odors," said Dr. Claire Guest. As prostate cancer cells divide, they release certain organic compounds that dogs can smell. During initial tests at Britain's Milton Keynes University Hospital, dogs detected the disease in 93% of cases. What can we learn about PSA from Para. 2? A. Doctors regularly prescribe testing for the PSA for more money.B. The PSA test can identify cancers which need immediate treatment.C. Treatment of cancer can be successful if the patient has a PSA test.D. The result of the PSA test is not always reliable.

Cancer of the prostate gland (前列腺)is one of the leading types of cancers affecting men in their 60s. According to the World Cancer Research Fund International, in 2012 it was diagnosed in more than one million men.

Treatment can be successful if the cancer is diagnosed early, which is why doctors regularly prescribe testing for the so-called prostate-specific antigen, or PSA (前列腺特异抗原)for short, found in urine (尿). But that test often gives false alarms or identifies cancers that develop so slowly and don't require treatment.

With the help of man's best friend, prostate cancer detection may soon be much more accurate. "Dogs have got this fantastic sense of smell; 300 million sensory receptors (感觉接受器)- humans have five million. So they're very, very good at finding minute odors," said Dr. Claire Guest. As prostate cancer cells divide, they release certain organic compounds that dogs can smell. During initial tests at Britain's Milton Keynes University Hospital, dogs detected the disease in 93% of cases.

What can we learn about PSA from Para. 2?

  • A. Doctors regularly prescribe testing for the PSA for more money.
  • B. The PSA test can identify cancers which need immediate treatment.
  • C. Treatment of cancer can be successful if the patient has a PSA test.
  • D. The result of the PSA test is not always reliable.

题目解答

答案

根据文章第二段的描述，我们可以了解到关于PSA（前列腺特异抗原）测试的一些信息。段落中提到，PSA测试可以用于早期诊断前列腺癌，从而提高治疗成功率。然而，文章也指出，PSA测试有时会给出错误的警报，或者识别出发展非常缓慢、不需要治疗的癌症。 具体分析每个选项： A. 医生定期开PSA测试是为了赚更多的钱。——文章中没有提到医生开PSA测试的动机是赚钱，所以这个选项不正确。 B. PSA测试可以识别出需要立即治疗的癌症。——文章提到PSA测试有时会识别出发展缓慢、不需要治疗的癌症，所以这个选项不正确。 C. 如果患者进行了PSA测试，癌症治疗可以成功。——文章提到早期诊断可以提高治疗成功率，但没有说PSA测试本身能保证治疗成功，所以这个选项不完全正确。 D. PSA测试的结果并不总是可靠的。——文章明确提到PSA测试有时会给出错误的警报，或者识别出发展缓慢、不需要治疗的癌症，所以这个选项是正确的。 因此，正确答案是D. PSA测试的结果并不总是可靠的。

解析

考查要点：本题主要考查学生对文章段落的理解能力，需要根据第二段内容推断出关于PSA测试的关键信息。
解题核心：抓住段落中对PSA测试的描述，特别是其局限性。
破题关键：注意原文中“false alarms”和“identify cancers that develop so slowly and don’t require treatment”等表述，说明PSA测试结果存在不可靠的情况。

选项分析：

  • A选项：文章未提及医生开PSA测试的目的是为了赚钱，属于主观臆测，排除。
  • B选项：原文明确指出PSA测试会识别出“不需要治疗的癌症”，与“需要立即治疗”矛盾，排除。
  • C选项：虽然早期诊断能提高治疗成功率，但PSA测试本身可能不可靠，无法直接保证治疗成功，排除。
  • D选项：原文直接提到“false alarms”和“slowly developing cancers”，说明测试结果不可靠，符合题意。