题目
Over the past decade， the growth in high-skilled jobs has largely been limited to Australia's biggest cities． Meanwhile， in rural and regional Australia lower-skilled jobs have been growing fastest． This skills gap is increasing regional differences in income and employment opportunities， despite the promises of technology and infrastructure as solutions to the tyranny of remoteness．Our research finds that jobs， particularly the highly skilled， white-collar kind， are becoming increasingly collaborative （协作的）． Complex tasks and rapidly changing work environments have increased the need for workers who can collaborate with others to solve problems and who are open to continuous learning． Roles for highly skilled workers are becoming more specialized． This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning．The productive advantages of cities are self-reinforcing． Skilled workers benefit from the opportunity to learn from and add value with other skilled workers． The coordination （协调） costs of this collaborative work are reduced when team members are co-located．Employers also benefit from proximity （接近） to similar firms because there is a larger pool of skilled candidates for new jobs and better access to potential business partners． All these advantages encourage further specialization and productivity gains， with the result that workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers．The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of thedigital economy．While digital technology represents a channel for bridging geographic distance， highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities．The latest census （人口普查） data shows no change in the rate of working from home， despite much-improved digital infrastructure in some areas． In time this may change， perhaps as video conferencing technology improves． However， while better technology might allow regional workers to interact with colleagues and clients in cities， it will also make it easier for city-based professionals to service regional areas．Employment is still growing in regional Australia． But the fact that cities make highly skilled workers more productive means the gap in skilled employment is likely to continue to widen．Attempts to swim against this tide by moving skilled jobs to the country will be expensive． Currently， subsidies （补助金） are needed to attract and retain （保留） highly skilled health professionals to regional communities． Despite this， our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing．So these subsidies are not translating into sustainable， collaborative communities of high-skilled regional workers． Instead， regions need to focus on their strengths， and foster the entrepreneurship that can create new sources of gainful employment．The government's move towards more individualised funding arrangements in the aged care and disability care sectors will increasingly become a resilient （有弹性的） source of income for workers and businesses in regional communities． Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades， such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care． Adding to this， regional communities are experiencing population ageing at a faster rate than the large capital cities．These are important jobs which should be recognised as such． There will be opportunities for regional businesses to provide the technology and services （ranging from personalised transport to food services） which allow older people and Australians with disability to remain active and healthy．Currently people from the regions who are eager for professional careers typically move to the city to study． In many cases they do not return． Here， technology may be part of the solution． Combining specialised online educational resources with good local support teachers could enable students to access a much wider range of courses from regional areas．Regional communities will also need entrepreneurs （企业家） to develop the future industries and micro-businesses which improve the diversity and resilience of the local economy． However， start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem， including access to relevant skills development opportunities．65． What is the remarkable characteristic of the high-skilled job？ ____ A． Collaboration．B． Complexity．C． Organization．D． Sustainability．66． Workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers in that ____ ．A． highly skilled workers increase the coordination costsB． potential business partners live close to large city centersC． they encourage self-dependence and increase differencesD． they benefit from specialization and productive advantages67． What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean？ ____ A． Digital infrastructure in some areas have been greatly improved．B． The lower-skilled workers are likely to have a considerable income．C． Digital technology doesn't necessarily bridge the gap in skilled employment．D． The government will have more support and preferential policies for business．68． The author mentions "aged care services" to indicate that ____ ．A． they lack proper managementB． they can bring new jobs to regionsC． they focus on their technical strengthsD． they help regions' funding arrangements69． What is the key message of the last paragraph？ ____ A． Combining online resources with local support teachers is a good way．B． Entrepreneurs can improve the diversity to develop their own industries．C． Regional communities supply sufficient subsidies to pay skilled workers．D． Supportive entrepreneurship ecosystems play a crucial role in regional areas．70． What does the passage mainly talk about？ ____ A． Low-skilled jobs have been growing fast in regional Australia．B． Regional Australia is committed to the development of local economy．C． The skill jobs gap is increasing between cities and regions in Australia．D． Highly skilled workers crowd into cities to pursue career development．
Over the past decade， the growth in high-skilled jobs has largely been limited to Australia's biggest cities． Meanwhile， in rural and regional Australia lower-skilled jobs have been growing fastest． This skills gap is increasing regional differences in income and employment opportunities， despite the promises of technology and infrastructure as solutions to the tyranny of remoteness．
Our research finds that jobs， particularly the highly skilled， white-collar kind， are becoming increasingly collaborative （协作的）． Complex tasks and rapidly changing work environments have increased the need for workers who can collaborate with others to solve problems and who are open to continuous learning． Roles for highly skilled workers are becoming more specialized． This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning．
The productive advantages of cities are self-reinforcing． Skilled workers benefit from the opportunity to learn from and add value with other skilled workers． The coordination （协调） costs of this collaborative work are reduced when team members are co-located．
Employers also benefit from proximity （接近） to similar firms because there is a larger pool of skilled candidates for new jobs and better access to potential business partners． All these advantages encourage further specialization and productivity gains， with the result that workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers．
The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of thedigital economy．While digital technology represents a channel for bridging geographic distance， highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities．
The latest census （人口普查） data shows no change in the rate of working from home， despite much-improved digital infrastructure in some areas． In time this may change， perhaps as video conferencing technology improves． However， while better technology might allow regional workers to interact with colleagues and clients in cities， it will also make it easier for city-based professionals to service regional areas．
Employment is still growing in regional Australia． But the fact that cities make highly skilled workers more productive means the gap in skilled employment is likely to continue to widen．
Attempts to swim against this tide by moving skilled jobs to the country will be expensive． Currently， subsidies （补助金） are needed to attract and retain （保留） highly skilled health professionals to regional communities． Despite this， our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing．
So these subsidies are not translating into sustainable， collaborative communities of high-skilled regional workers． Instead， regions need to focus on their strengths， and foster the entrepreneurship that can create new sources of gainful employment．
The government's move towards more individualised funding arrangements in the aged care and disability care sectors will increasingly become a resilient （有弹性的） source of income for workers and businesses in regional communities． Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades， such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care． Adding to this， regional communities are experiencing population ageing at a faster rate than the large capital cities．
These are important jobs which should be recognised as such． There will be opportunities for regional businesses to provide the technology and services （ranging from personalised transport to food services） which allow older people and Australians with disability to remain active and healthy．
Currently people from the regions who are eager for professional careers typically move to the city to study． In many cases they do not return． Here， technology may be part of the solution． Combining specialised online educational resources with good local support teachers could enable students to access a much wider range of courses from regional areas．
Regional communities will also need entrepreneurs （企业家） to develop the future industries and micro-businesses which improve the diversity and resilience of the local economy． However， start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem， including access to relevant skills development opportunities．
65． What is the remarkable characteristic of the high-skilled job？ ____
A． Collaboration．
B． Complexity．
C． Organization．
D． Sustainability．
66． Workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers in that ____ ．
A． highly skilled workers increase the coordination costs
B． potential business partners live close to large city centers
C． they encourage self-dependence and increase differences
D． they benefit from specialization and productive advantages
67． What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean？ ____
A． Digital infrastructure in some areas have been greatly improved．
B． The lower-skilled workers are likely to have a considerable income．
C． Digital technology doesn't necessarily bridge the gap in skilled employment．
D． The government will have more support and preferential policies for business．
68． The author mentions "aged care services" to indicate that ____ ．
A． they lack proper management
B． they can bring new jobs to regions
C． they focus on their technical strengths
D． they help regions' funding arrangements
69． What is the key message of the last paragraph？ ____
A． Combining online resources with local support teachers is a good way．
B． Entrepreneurs can improve the diversity to develop their own industries．
C． Regional communities supply sufficient subsidies to pay skilled workers．
D． Supportive entrepreneurship ecosystems play a crucial role in regional areas．
70． What does the passage mainly talk about？ ____
A． Low-skilled jobs have been growing fast in regional Australia．
B． Regional Australia is committed to the development of local economy．
C． The skill jobs gap is increasing between cities and regions in Australia．
D． Highly skilled workers crowd into cities to pursue career development．
Our research finds that jobs， particularly the highly skilled， white-collar kind， are becoming increasingly collaborative （协作的）． Complex tasks and rapidly changing work environments have increased the need for workers who can collaborate with others to solve problems and who are open to continuous learning． Roles for highly skilled workers are becoming more specialized． This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning．
The productive advantages of cities are self-reinforcing． Skilled workers benefit from the opportunity to learn from and add value with other skilled workers． The coordination （协调） costs of this collaborative work are reduced when team members are co-located．
Employers also benefit from proximity （接近） to similar firms because there is a larger pool of skilled candidates for new jobs and better access to potential business partners． All these advantages encourage further specialization and productivity gains， with the result that workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers．
The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of thedigital economy．While digital technology represents a channel for bridging geographic distance， highly skilled workers are increasingly crowding into cities．
The latest census （人口普查） data shows no change in the rate of working from home， despite much-improved digital infrastructure in some areas． In time this may change， perhaps as video conferencing technology improves． However， while better technology might allow regional workers to interact with colleagues and clients in cities， it will also make it easier for city-based professionals to service regional areas．
Employment is still growing in regional Australia． But the fact that cities make highly skilled workers more productive means the gap in skilled employment is likely to continue to widen．
Attempts to swim against this tide by moving skilled jobs to the country will be expensive． Currently， subsidies （补助金） are needed to attract and retain （保留） highly skilled health professionals to regional communities． Despite this， our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing．
So these subsidies are not translating into sustainable， collaborative communities of high-skilled regional workers． Instead， regions need to focus on their strengths， and foster the entrepreneurship that can create new sources of gainful employment．
The government's move towards more individualised funding arrangements in the aged care and disability care sectors will increasingly become a resilient （有弹性的） source of income for workers and businesses in regional communities． Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades， such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care． Adding to this， regional communities are experiencing population ageing at a faster rate than the large capital cities．
These are important jobs which should be recognised as such． There will be opportunities for regional businesses to provide the technology and services （ranging from personalised transport to food services） which allow older people and Australians with disability to remain active and healthy．
Currently people from the regions who are eager for professional careers typically move to the city to study． In many cases they do not return． Here， technology may be part of the solution． Combining specialised online educational resources with good local support teachers could enable students to access a much wider range of courses from regional areas．
Regional communities will also need entrepreneurs （企业家） to develop the future industries and micro-businesses which improve the diversity and resilience of the local economy． However， start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem， including access to relevant skills development opportunities．
65． What is the remarkable characteristic of the high-skilled job？ ____
A． Collaboration．
B． Complexity．
C． Organization．
D． Sustainability．
66． Workers and business continue to concentrate around large city centers in that ____ ．
A． highly skilled workers increase the coordination costs
B． potential business partners live close to large city centers
C． they encourage self-dependence and increase differences
D． they benefit from specialization and productive advantages
67． What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean？ ____
A． Digital infrastructure in some areas have been greatly improved．
B． The lower-skilled workers are likely to have a considerable income．
C． Digital technology doesn't necessarily bridge the gap in skilled employment．
D． The government will have more support and preferential policies for business．
68． The author mentions "aged care services" to indicate that ____ ．
A． they lack proper management
B． they can bring new jobs to regions
C． they focus on their technical strengths
D． they help regions' funding arrangements
69． What is the key message of the last paragraph？ ____
A． Combining online resources with local support teachers is a good way．
B． Entrepreneurs can improve the diversity to develop their own industries．
C． Regional communities supply sufficient subsidies to pay skilled workers．
D． Supportive entrepreneurship ecosystems play a crucial role in regional areas．
70． What does the passage mainly talk about？ ____
A． Low-skilled jobs have been growing fast in regional Australia．
B． Regional Australia is committed to the development of local economy．
C． The skill jobs gap is increasing between cities and regions in Australia．
D． Highly skilled workers crowd into cities to pursue career development．
题目解答
答案
65．A． 细节理解题．根据文章Our research finds that jobs， particularly the highly skilled， white-collar kind， are becoming increasingly collaborative 可知高技能工作的显著特点是合作；故选A．
66．D．细节理解题．根据文章 This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning可知工人和企业继续集中在大城市中心得益于专业化和生产优势；故选D．
67．C．细节理解题．根据文章The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of thedigital economy可知数字技术不一定能弥补熟练就业的缺口；故选C．
68．B． 细节理解题．根据文章Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades， such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care可知作者提到"老年护理服务"以说明他们可以给地区带来新的就业机会；故选B．
69．D．细节理解题．根据文章 However， start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem可知最后一段的关键信息是支持企业家精神生态系统在区域区域发挥关键作用；故选D．
70．C．细节理解题．根据文章 Despite this， our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing可知这篇文章主要讲的是澳大利亚城市和地区的技能就业差距正在增加；故选C．
66．D．细节理解题．根据文章 This specialization means more collaboration with other specialists and greater space for market positioning可知工人和企业继续集中在大城市中心得益于专业化和生产优势；故选D．
67．C．细节理解题．根据文章The growing skills divide between urban and rural Australia reflects a paradox（悖论）of thedigital economy可知数字技术不一定能弥补熟练就业的缺口；故选C．
68．B． 细节理解题．根据文章Demand for aged care services is expected to increase dramatically in the coming decades， such that by 2050 some 3.5 million Australians will require aged care可知作者提到"老年护理服务"以说明他们可以给地区带来新的就业机会；故选B．
69．D．细节理解题．根据文章 However， start-ups and existing businesses are more likely to survive and expand when there is a supportive entrepreneurship ecosystem可知最后一段的关键信息是支持企业家精神生态系统在区域区域发挥关键作用；故选D．
70．C．细节理解题．根据文章 Despite this， our analysis of the latest census data shows that the skills gap between regions and cities is still growing可知这篇文章主要讲的是澳大利亚城市和地区的技能就业差距正在增加；故选C．
解析
步骤 1：理解问题背景
文章讨论了澳大利亚城市和农村地区之间高技能和低技能工作的增长情况，以及这种技能差距对收入和就业机会的影响。文章还探讨了数字技术在解决地理距离问题上的作用，以及城市和农村地区在高技能工作方面的差异。
步骤 2：分析问题
文章指出，高技能工作越来越需要协作，而城市为高技能工人提供了更多的协作机会和生产力优势。然而，尽管数字技术可以减少地理距离，但高技能工人仍然倾向于集中在城市。文章还提到，政府的政策和补贴在缩小技能差距方面效果有限，因此，农村地区需要专注于自身优势，发展新的就业机会。
步骤 3：回答问题
根据文章内容，我们可以回答每个问题：
65. 高技能工作的显著特征是协作。
66. 工人和企业继续集中在大城市中心，因为他们从专业化和生产优势中受益。
67. 第5段中划线句子的意思是数字技术不一定能弥补熟练就业的缺口。
68. 作者提到“老年护理服务”以说明他们可以给地区带来新的就业机会。
69. 最后一段的关键信息是支持企业家精神生态系统在区域区域发挥关键作用。
70. 文章主要讨论的是澳大利亚城市和地区的技能就业差距正在增加。
文章讨论了澳大利亚城市和农村地区之间高技能和低技能工作的增长情况，以及这种技能差距对收入和就业机会的影响。文章还探讨了数字技术在解决地理距离问题上的作用，以及城市和农村地区在高技能工作方面的差异。
步骤 2：分析问题
文章指出，高技能工作越来越需要协作，而城市为高技能工人提供了更多的协作机会和生产力优势。然而，尽管数字技术可以减少地理距离，但高技能工人仍然倾向于集中在城市。文章还提到，政府的政策和补贴在缩小技能差距方面效果有限，因此，农村地区需要专注于自身优势，发展新的就业机会。
步骤 3：回答问题
根据文章内容，我们可以回答每个问题：
65. 高技能工作的显著特征是协作。
66. 工人和企业继续集中在大城市中心，因为他们从专业化和生产优势中受益。
67. 第5段中划线句子的意思是数字技术不一定能弥补熟练就业的缺口。
68. 作者提到“老年护理服务”以说明他们可以给地区带来新的就业机会。
69. 最后一段的关键信息是支持企业家精神生态系统在区域区域发挥关键作用。
70. 文章主要讨论的是澳大利亚城市和地区的技能就业差距正在增加。