Laypeople's Understanding of Radioactivity and RadiationAbstract: A) It may be argued that the population should have sufficient understanding of radiation phenomena to secure individual safety as well as democratic decisions. B) To attain this, it is necessary for the communicators of radiation information to be familiar with the lay person's perceptions of these phenomena. C) A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine non-experts' conceptions of radiation phenomena. D) The survey revealed incomplete understanding of concepts such as radioactive decay, half-life and absorption of radiation and a lack of differentiation between radiation and radioactive material. E) Many respondents did not distinguish between sources of ionizing radiation and other environmental hazards. F) Nuclear power plants and submarines were the most feared sources of radiation. G) To resolve this problem, new teaching and information procedures are needed. H) These should take into account the learners' preconceptions and should integrate 'school knowledge' with considerations belonging to the 'real world'.(1) Introduction of the research topic and research purpose: ________A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. GH. H

本题考查对文章段落内容的理解以及对研究主题和研究目的的识别能力。解题的关键在于分析每个选项所表达的内容，判断其是否属于研究主题和研究目的的范畴。

• 选项A：“It may be argued that the population should have sufficient understanding of radiation phenomena to secure individual safety as well as democratic decisions.” 指出公众应该对辐射现象有足够的了解以保障个人安全和做出民主决策，这明确了研究的背景和目标，即为什么要进行关于公众对辐射现象认知的研究，属于研究目的的一部分。
• 选项B：“To attain this, it is necessary for the communicators of radiation information to be familiar with the lay person's perceptions of these phenomena.” 说明为了实现公众对辐射现象有足够了解这一目标，辐射信息传播者需要熟悉公众对这些现象的看法，这进一步阐述了研究的具体方向，即要了解公众的认知情况，属于研究目的的一部分。
• 选项C：“A questionnaire survey was conducted to examine non - experts' conceptions of radiation phenomena.” 描述的是进行问卷调查这一研究方法，并非研究主题和研究目的。
• 选项D：“The survey revealed incomplete understanding of concepts such as radioactive decay, half - life and absorption of radiation and a lack of differentiation between radiation and radioactive material.” 是对调查结果的呈现，不属于研究主题和研究目的。
• 选项E：“Many respondents did not distinguish between sources of ionizing radiation and other environmental hazards.” 同样是调查结果的内容，不是研究主题和研究目的。
• 选项F：“Nuclear power plants and submarines were the most feared sources of radiation.” 也是调查结果的体现，并非研究主题和研究目的。
• 选项G：“To resolve this problem, new teaching and information procedures are needed.” 是针对调查结果提出的解决办法，不属于研究主题和研究目的。
• 选项H：“These should take into account the learners' preconceptions and should integrate'school knowledge' with considerations belonging to the'real world'.” 是对解决办法的进一步说明，不是研究主题和研究目的。