题目
求听力题答案 The word empathy (认同) is so commonly used nowadays.But what is empathy?The origin of the word empathy (1) back to the 1880s,when a German psychologist (2) the term meaning "in-feeling" to describe the emotional (3) of another's feelings.Empathy has further been described as the (4) of understanding a person's (5) experience by vicariously (间接地) sharing that experience while (6) an observant position.Even more simply stated,empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes" and for physicians,empathy (7) understanding of the patient beyond the history and symptoms to include (8),ideas,and feelings. However,we may propose a subtle but important distinction between empathy and sympathy.(9),sympathy can be burdensome and harmful,even leading to burnout.Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons:(10).It would stand to reason,therefore,that completely shared suffering can never exist between a physician and a patient; otherwise,the physician would share the patient's plight and would therefore be unable to help.(11).By being a participant-observer,we come to understand how the other person feels.
求听力题答案 The word empathy (认同) is so commonly used nowadays.But what is empathy?The origin of the word empathy (1) back to the 1880s,when a German psychologist (2) the term meaning "in-feeling" to describe the emotional (3) of another's feelings.Empathy has further been described as the (4) of understanding a person's (5) experience by vicariously (间接地) sharing that experience while (6) an observant position.Even more simply stated,empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes" and for physicians,empathy (7) understanding of the patient beyond the history and symptoms to include (8),ideas,and feelings. However,we may propose a subtle but important distinction between empathy and sympathy.(9),sympathy can be burdensome and harmful,even leading to burnout.Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons:(10).It would stand to reason,therefore,that completely shared suffering can never exist between a physician and a patient; otherwise,the physician would share the patient's plight and would therefore be unable to help.(11).By being a participant-observer,we come to understand how the other person feels.
题目解答
答案
The word empathy (认同) is so commonly used nowadays.But what is empathy?The origin of the word empathy (1) [dates] back to the 1880s,when a German psychologist (2)[coined] the term meaning "in-feeling" to describe the emotional (3) [appreciation] of another's feelings.Empathy has further been described as the (4) [process] of understanding a person's (5) [subjective] experience by vicariously (间接地) sharing that experience while (6) [maintaining] an observant position.Even more simply stated,empathy is the ability to "put oneself in another's shoes" and for physicians,empathy (7) [expands] understanding of the patient beyond the history and symptoms to include (8)——,ideas,and feelings. However,we may propose a subtle but important distinction between empathy and sympathy.(9)[Whereas empathy is used by skilled clinicians to enhance communication and delivery of care],sympathy can be burdensome and harmful,even leading to burnout.Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons:(10)[We sympathize with other human beings when we share and suffer with them].It would stand to reason,therefore,that completely shared suffering can never exist between a physician and a patient; otherwise,the physician would share the patient's plight and would therefore be unable to help.(11)[ In empathy,we "borrow" another's feelings to observe,feel,and understand them--but not to take them onto ourselves].By being a participant-observer,we come to understand how the other person feels.
解析
本题主要考查对文章内容的理解以及词汇和句子的运用,解题关键在于结合上下文语境,分析每个空格处所需词汇或句子的语义和语法要求。
- 第(1)题:
- 考查固定搭配“date back to”,表示“追溯到”。
- 句子描述“empathy”这个词的起源追溯到19世纪80年代,主语“The origin of the word empathy”是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词要用第三人称单数形式,所以用“dates”。
- 第(2)题:
- 根据语境,这里说一位德国心理学家创造了“in - feeling”这个术语。
- “coin”有“创造(新词语)”的意思,且事情发生在过去,要用一般过去时,所以是“coined”。
- 第(3)题:
- 这里需要一个名词,结合语境表示对他人感受的情感上的理解。
- “appreciation”有“理解;欣赏”的意思,“emotional appreciation of another's feelings”表示“对他人感受的情感理解”,符合文意。
- 第(4)题:
- 从后文“understanding a person's...experience”可知,这是一个过程。
- “process”表示“过程”,“the process of...”表示“……的过程”,符合语境。
- 第(5)题:
- 这里修饰“experience”,结合前文“vicariously sharing that experience”可知是主观的体验。
- “subjective”表示“主观的”,“subjective experience”即“主观体验”。
- 第(6)题:
- 这里表示在保持观察立场的同时间接分享他人的体验。
- “maintain”有“保持”的意思,“while maintaining an observant position”是现在分词短语作伴随状语,符合语法和语义要求。
- 第(7)题:
- 结合语境,对于医生来说,共情能将对患者的理解从病史和症状扩展到其他方面。
- “expand”表示“扩展;扩大”,主语“empathy”是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式“expands”。
- 第(8)题:
- 结合后文“ideas, and feelings”,这里需要一个与想法、感受相关的名词,且根据前文提到的共情是理解他人主观体验,可推测这里可以是“thoughts”(想法),与“ideas”意思相近且符合整体语境。
- 第(9)题:
- 后文提到“sympathy can be burdensome and harmful”,而前文一直在说共情的好处,这里需要一个表示对比的句子。
- “Whereas empathy is used by skilled clinicians to enhance communication and delivery of care”表示“然而,共情被熟练的临床医生用来加强沟通和提供护理”,与后文同情的负面情况形成对比。
- 第(10)题:
- 前文说“Sympathy implies feelings shared with the sufferer as if the pain belonged to both persons”,这里需要进一步解释同情的含义。
- “We sympathize with other human beings when we share and suffer with them”表示“当我们与他人分享并一起承受痛苦时,我们就同情他们”,符合同情的定义。
- 第(11)题:
- 前文提到共情和同情的区别,这里需要解释共情的具体方式。
- “In empathy, we 'borrow' another's feelings to observe, feel, and understand them -- but not to take them onto ourselves”表示“在共情中,我们‘借用’他人的感受去观察、感受和理解他们,但不是把它们据为己有”,符合共情的特点。