题目
Plastic is widely used for countless daily items，yet only around 9% of the plastic we use gets recycled.The rest is either burned，which releases harmful gases，or buried.Most of this waste plastic ends up in oceans，where it takes centuries to break down and harms sea creatures. Worse，still，current biodegradable plastics don't solve the issue fully.They don't break down completely in seawater；and instead，they split into tiny microplastics.These microplastics are too small to be filtered out easily，so they enter our soil，water sources，and food supplies，eventually making their way into human bodies.Scientists even predict that by 2050，there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. To solve this problem，researchers at Japan's RIKEN Centre developed a new type of plastic.Unlike other biodegradable plastics，it fully dissolves（溶解）in seawater.When dissolved，it breaks into original substances that bacteria（细菌）can fully decompose（分解）—leaving no harmful remains.Tests show it decomposes in hours in seawater and about 10 days in soil. This new plastic has other advantages too.It is non-toxic（so it won't harm living things）and non-flammable（so it can't catch fire easily）.When heated to 120°C，it can be shaped into various forms：a hard，scratch-resistant surface，flexible rubber objects，or strong items that hold heavy weight—this flexibility suits different needs. Takuzo Aida，who led the research，said， "With this new material，we've created plastics that are strong，stable，recyclable，multi-functional，and importantly，do not produce microplastics." It could be used in 3 D printing，medical equipment，or single-use packaging，helping reduce plastic pollution in both oceans and daily life.（1）How does the author introduce the problem in Paragraph 1？ ____ A.By giving opinions and ideas.B.y providing facts and results.C.By sharing experiences and stories.D.By comparing similarities and differences.（2）What is the main problem with current biodegradable plastics？ ____ A.They burn out slowly.B.They harm land animals.C.They form more microplastics.D.They pollute air when thrown away.（3）How is the new plastic different from other biodegradable plastics in seawater？ ____ A.It can be recycled after use.B.It sinks faster to avoid harming wildlife.C.It changes color to warn marine animals.D.It fully dissolves and is broken down by bacteria.（4）What can we infer from the text？ ____ A.This plastic can be shaped at any temperature.B.Scientists plan to develop more advanced plastics.C.The new plastic is especially suitable for medical use.D.The new plastic might be widely used in many fields.（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ ____ A.To compare different plastic recycling methods.B.To introduce a practical solution to plastic pollution.C.To explain the process of making a new type of plastic.D.To discuss microplastics' harmful effects on human health.
Plastic is widely used for countless daily items，yet only around 9% of the plastic we use gets recycled.The rest is either burned，which releases harmful gases，or buried.Most of this waste plastic ends up in oceans，where it takes centuries to break down and harms sea creatures.
Worse，still，current biodegradable plastics don't solve the issue fully.They don't break down completely in seawater；and instead，they split into tiny microplastics.These microplastics are too small to be filtered out easily，so they enter our soil，water sources，and food supplies，eventually making their way into human bodies.Scientists even predict that by 2050，there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish.
To solve this problem，researchers at Japan's RIKEN Centre developed a new type of plastic.Unlike other biodegradable plastics，it fully dissolves（溶解）in seawater.When dissolved，it breaks into original substances that bacteria（细菌）can fully decompose（分解）—leaving no harmful remains.Tests show it decomposes in hours in seawater and about 10 days in soil.
This new plastic has other advantages too.It is non-toxic（so it won't harm living things）and non-flammable（so it can't catch fire easily）.When heated to 120°C，it can be shaped into various forms：a hard，scratch-resistant surface，flexible rubber objects，or strong items that hold heavy weight—this flexibility suits different needs.
Takuzo Aida，who led the research，said， "With this new material，we've created plastics that are strong，stable，recyclable，multi-functional，and importantly，do not produce microplastics." It could be used in 3 D printing，medical equipment，or single-use packaging，helping reduce plastic pollution in both oceans and daily life.
（1）How does the author introduce the problem in Paragraph 1？ ____
A.By giving opinions and ideas.
B.y providing facts and results.
C.By sharing experiences and stories.
D.By comparing similarities and differences.
（2）What is the main problem with current biodegradable plastics？ ____
A.They burn out slowly.
B.They harm land animals.
C.They form more microplastics.
D.They pollute air when thrown away.
（3）How is the new plastic different from other biodegradable plastics in seawater？ ____
A.It can be recycled after use.
B.It sinks faster to avoid harming wildlife.
C.It changes color to warn marine animals.
D.It fully dissolves and is broken down by bacteria.
（4）What can we infer from the text？ ____
A.This plastic can be shaped at any temperature.
B.Scientists plan to develop more advanced plastics.
C.The new plastic is especially suitable for medical use.
D.The new plastic might be widely used in many fields.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ ____
A.To compare different plastic recycling methods.
B.To introduce a practical solution to plastic pollution.
C.To explain the process of making a new type of plastic.
D.To discuss microplastics' harmful effects on human health.
Worse，still，current biodegradable plastics don't solve the issue fully.They don't break down completely in seawater；and instead，they split into tiny microplastics.These microplastics are too small to be filtered out easily，so they enter our soil，water sources，and food supplies，eventually making their way into human bodies.Scientists even predict that by 2050，there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish.
To solve this problem，researchers at Japan's RIKEN Centre developed a new type of plastic.Unlike other biodegradable plastics，it fully dissolves（溶解）in seawater.When dissolved，it breaks into original substances that bacteria（细菌）can fully decompose（分解）—leaving no harmful remains.Tests show it decomposes in hours in seawater and about 10 days in soil.
This new plastic has other advantages too.It is non-toxic（so it won't harm living things）and non-flammable（so it can't catch fire easily）.When heated to 120°C，it can be shaped into various forms：a hard，scratch-resistant surface，flexible rubber objects，or strong items that hold heavy weight—this flexibility suits different needs.
Takuzo Aida，who led the research，said， "With this new material，we've created plastics that are strong，stable，recyclable，multi-functional，and importantly，do not produce microplastics." It could be used in 3 D printing，medical equipment，or single-use packaging，helping reduce plastic pollution in both oceans and daily life.
（1）How does the author introduce the problem in Paragraph 1？ ____
A.By giving opinions and ideas.
B.y providing facts and results.
C.By sharing experiences and stories.
D.By comparing similarities and differences.
（2）What is the main problem with current biodegradable plastics？ ____
A.They burn out slowly.
B.They harm land animals.
C.They form more microplastics.
D.They pollute air when thrown away.
（3）How is the new plastic different from other biodegradable plastics in seawater？ ____
A.It can be recycled after use.
B.It sinks faster to avoid harming wildlife.
C.It changes color to warn marine animals.
D.It fully dissolves and is broken down by bacteria.
（4）What can we infer from the text？ ____
A.This plastic can be shaped at any temperature.
B.Scientists plan to develop more advanced plastics.
C.The new plastic is especially suitable for medical use.
D.The new plastic might be widely used in many fields.
（5）What is the author's purpose in writing the text？ ____
A.To compare different plastic recycling methods.
B.To introduce a practical solution to plastic pollution.
C.To explain the process of making a new type of plastic.
D.To discuss microplastics' harmful effects on human health.
题目解答
答案
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Plastic is widely used for countless daily items，yet only around 9% of the plastic we use gets recycled.The rest is either burned，which releases harmful gases，or buried.Most of this waste plastic ends up in oceans，where it takes centuries to break down and harms sea creatures.（ 塑料被广泛用于各类日常用品中，然而我们所使用的塑料中仅有约 9%得到了回收利用。其余的塑料要么被焚烧，从而释放出有害气体，要么被掩埋。大部分这些废弃塑料最终都进入了海洋，而在那里，它们需要数百年才能分解，并对海洋生物造成危害。）可知，第一段出现具体数据（9% 的塑料被回收）、客观事实（其余被焚烧 / 掩埋、最终流入海洋）及结果（释放有害气体、危害海洋生物、数百年才能分解）。由此可推知，作者通过罗列事实和结果引出塑料污染的问题。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中Worse still，current biodegradable plastics don't solve the issue fully.They don't break down completely in seawater；and instead，they split into tiny microplastics.（ 更糟糕的是，目前的可生物降解塑料并不能完全解决这个问题。它们在海水中无法完全分解；相反，它们会分解成微小的微塑料。）可知，当前可生物降解塑料的主要问题是它们会产生更多微塑料。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中Unlike other biodegradable plastics，it fully dissolves （溶解） in seawater.When dissolved，it breaks into original substances that bacteria （细菌） can fully decompose （分解）—leaving no harmful remains.（ 与其他可生物降解塑料不同，它能在海水中完全溶解。溶解后，它会分解成细菌可以完全分解的原始物质——不会留下有害残留物。）可知，这款新塑料与现有可降解塑料的核心区别是，能在海水中完全溶解，且溶解后的物质可被细菌彻底分解，无有害残留。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中It could be used in 3 D printing，medical equipment，or single-use packaging，helping reduce plastic pollution in both oceans and daily life.（ 它可以用于3 D打印、医疗设备或一次性包装，有助于减少海洋和日常生活中的塑料污染。）可推知，这种新型塑料可能会在许多领域得到广泛应用。故选D。
（5）写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章先提出塑料污染的严峻问题（含现有可降解塑料的弊端），再介绍日本研发的新型可降解塑料的特性、优势，最后说明其应用前景。由此可推知，作者的核心写作目的是介绍一种解决塑料污染的切实可行的方案。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中Worse still，current biodegradable plastics don't solve the issue fully.They don't break down completely in seawater；and instead，they split into tiny microplastics.（ 更糟糕的是，目前的可生物降解塑料并不能完全解决这个问题。它们在海水中无法完全分解；相反，它们会分解成微小的微塑料。）可知，当前可生物降解塑料的主要问题是它们会产生更多微塑料。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中Unlike other biodegradable plastics，it fully dissolves （溶解） in seawater.When dissolved，it breaks into original substances that bacteria （细菌） can fully decompose （分解）—leaving no harmful remains.（ 与其他可生物降解塑料不同，它能在海水中完全溶解。溶解后，它会分解成细菌可以完全分解的原始物质——不会留下有害残留物。）可知，这款新塑料与现有可降解塑料的核心区别是，能在海水中完全溶解，且溶解后的物质可被细菌彻底分解，无有害残留。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中It could be used in 3 D printing，medical equipment，or single-use packaging，helping reduce plastic pollution in both oceans and daily life.（ 它可以用于3 D打印、医疗设备或一次性包装，有助于减少海洋和日常生活中的塑料污染。）可推知，这种新型塑料可能会在许多领域得到广泛应用。故选D。
（5）写作意图题。通读全文可知，文章先提出塑料污染的严峻问题（含现有可降解塑料的弊端），再介绍日本研发的新型可降解塑料的特性、优势，最后说明其应用前景。由此可推知，作者的核心写作目的是介绍一种解决塑料污染的切实可行的方案。故选B。