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词法练习 (后缀 “-er, -or, -ian, -ist”)(一) 按要求写出下列单词。1. teach + er → ________ (教师)2. work + er → ________ (工人)3. report + er → ________ (记者)4. act + or → ________ (男演员)5. direct + or → ________ (导演)6. art + ist → ________ (艺术家)7. science + ist → ________ (科学家)8. piano + ist → ________ (钢琴家)9. music + ian → ________ (音乐家)10. library + ian → ________ (图书管理员)(二) 根据构词法推测词义,在横线上写出中文意思。1. gardener → ________2. biologist → ________3. visitor → ________4. cleaner → ________5. singer → ________6. historian → ________

词法练习 (后缀 “-er, -or, -ian, -ist”) (一) 按要求写出下列单词。 1. teach + er → ________ (教师) 2. work + er → ________ (工人) 3. report + er → ________ (记者) 4. act + or → ________ (男演员) 5. direct + or → ________ (导演) 6. art + ist → ________ (艺术家) 7. science + ist → ________ (科学家) 8. piano + ist → ________ (钢琴家) 9. music + ian → ________ (音乐家) 10. library + ian → ________ (图书管理员) (二) 根据构词法推测词义,在横线上写出中文意思。 1. gardener → ________ 2. biologist → ________ 3. visitor → ________ 4. cleaner → ________ 5. singer → ________ 6. historian → ________

题目解答

答案

我们来一步一步完成这个词法练习,重点是掌握英语中表示“人”的常见后缀:-er, -or, -ian, -ist。这些后缀加在动词或名词后面,通常表示“从事某种职业或活动的人”。

(一)按要求写出下列单词

我们要根据提示,将基础词加上适当的后缀,构成表示“人”的名词,并写出对应的中文意思。

  1. teach + er → teacher

    • “teach” 是“教”的意思,加上“-er”表示“做某事的人”,所以是“教师”。
      ✅ 答案:teacher(教师)
  2. work + er → worker

    • “work” 是“工作”,加“-er”表示“工作者”,即“工人”。
      ✅ 答案:worker(工人)
  3. report + er → reporter

    • “report” 是“报道”,加“-er”表示“进行报道的人”,即“记者”。
      ✅ 答案:reporter(记者)
  4. act + or → actor

    • “act” 是“表演”,加“-or”表示“表演的人”,即“男演员”(注意:女演员是 actress,但现在也常用 actor 泛指)。
      ✅ 答案:actor(男演员)
  5. direct + or → director

    • “direct” 是“导演、指导”,加“-or”表示“导演的人”,即“导演”。
      ✅ 答案:director(导演)
  6. art + ist → artist

    • “art” 是“艺术”,加“-ist”表示“从事艺术的人”,即“艺术家”。
      ✅ 答案:artist(艺术家)
  7. science + ist → scientist

    • “science” 是“科学”,加“-ist”表示“研究科学的人”,即“科学家”。
      ✅ 答案:scientist(科学家)
  8. piano + ist → pianist

    • “piano” 是“钢琴”,加“-ist”表示“弹钢琴的人”,即“钢琴家”。
      ✅ 答案:pianist(钢琴家)
  9. music + ian → musician

    • “music” 是“音乐”,加“-ian”表示“从事音乐的人”,即“音乐家”。注意拼写变化:music + ian → musician(中间加“i”)。
      ✅ 答案:musician(音乐家)
  10. library + ian → librarian

    • “library” 是“图书馆”,加“-ian”表示“在图书馆工作的人”,即“图书管理员”。
      ✅ 答案:librarian(图书管理员)

(二)根据构词法推测词义,写出中文意思

我们通过分析词根和后缀来推测这些词的意思。

  1. gardener

    • 词根:garden(花园)
    • 后缀:-er → 表示“做……的人”
    • 合起来:照料花园的人 → 园丁
      ✅ 答案:园丁
  2. biologist

    • 词根:biology(生物学),来自 bio(生命) + logy(学科)
    • 后缀:-ist → 表示“研究某学科的人”
    • 合起来:研究生物学的人 → 生物学家
      ✅ 答案:生物学家
  3. visitor

    • 词根:visit(访问、参观)
    • 后缀:-or → 表示“做某事的人”
    • 合起来:来访问的人 → 访问者,参观者
      ✅ 答案:访问者 或 参观者
  4. cleaner

    • 词根:clean(清洁)
    • 后缀:-er → 表示“做某事的人或物”
    • 这里指“打扫卫生的人”或“清洁工具”,但根据本题语境(表示人),应为“清洁工”
      ✅ 答案:清洁工
  5. singer

    • 词根:sing(唱歌)
    • 后缀:-er → 做某事的人
    • 合起来:唱歌的人 → 歌手
      ✅ 答案:歌手
  6. historian

    • 词根:history(历史)
    • 后缀:-ian → 表示“从事某专业领域的人”
    • 合起来:研究历史的人 → 历史学家
      ✅ 答案:历史学家

✅ 最终答案汇总:

(一)写出单词

  1. teacher
  2. worker
  3. reporter
  4. actor
  5. director
  6. artist
  7. scientist
  8. pianist
  9. musician
  10. librarian

(二)推测词义(中文意思)

  1. 园丁
  2. 生物学家
  3. 访问者(或 参观者)
  4. 清洁工
  5. 歌手
  6. 历史学家

✅ 总结:
本练习帮助我们掌握英语中常见的表示“人”的后缀:

  • -er:常加在动词后,表示“做某事的人”(如 teacher, worker, singer)
  • -or:类似“-er”,多用于源自拉丁语的词(如 actor, director, visitor)
  • -ist:表示“从事某学科或信仰某种主义的人”(如 artist, scientist, biologist)
  • -ian:多用于表示“专业人士”或“擅长某领域的人”(如 musician, librarian, historian)

掌握这些后缀有助于记忆单词和推测生词含义。

\boxed{
\begin{aligned}&\text{(一)} \\&1.\ teacher \quad 2.\ worker \quad 3.\ reporter \quad 4.\ actor \quad 5.\ director \\&6.\ artist \quad 7.\ scientist \quad 8.\ pianist \quad 9.\ musician \quad 10.\ librarian \\&\text{(二)} \\&1.\ \text{园丁} \quad 2.\ \text{生物学家} \quad 3.\ \text{访问者} \quad 4.\ \text{清洁工} \quad 5.\ \text{歌手} \quad 6.\ \text{历史学家}\end{aligned}
}

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