The standard of living is the level of wealth, 1.____, material goods, and necessities available to a particular socioeconomic class or people living in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes basic material factors such as 2.____, GDP, life expectancy, and economic 3.____. The standard of living is closely connected to quality of life, which can also include factors such as economic and political 4.____, environmental quality, 5.____, and safety.The standard of living is usually used to compare and contrast geographic areas. One might analyze the standard of living in Canada versus the United States, or the standard of living in Toronto versus Chicago. The standard of living can also be used to compare life at different points in time. For example, compared with a(n) 6.____ago, the standard of living in Canada has vastly improved. The same amount of work allows citizens to buy an increased number of goods, and items that were once 7.____, such as cars and refrigerators, are now widely available. In addition, average life expectancy has increased, while annual work hours have 8.____.Standards of living are usually 9. ____in developed nations than in developing nations. In fact, nations are often characterized as developed or less developed according to basic measures of standards of living. Emerging market economies typically see standards of living rise as they grow into modern, 10. ____economies.A. decreasedB. climateC. stabilityD. experienceE. rateF. comfortG. higher H. centuryI. opportunity J. growth K. characteristic L. definition M. industrialized N. luxuries O. income
- A. decreased
- B. climate
- C. stability
- D. experience
- E. rate
- F. comfort
- G. higher H. centuryI. opportunity J. growth K. characteristic L. definition M. industrialized N. luxuries O. income
题目解答
答案
解析
本题是一篇关于“生活水平（standard of living）”的说明文，主要考查根据上下文语义和词汇搭配选择合适的单词，涉及名词、动词、形容词等词性，需结合主题主题和句子逻辑进行判断。
1. 第1题：F（comfort）
句子前半部分：“The standard of living is the level of wealth, 1.____, material goods, and necessities...” 分析并列结构：wealth“wealth（财富）、material goods（物质商品）、necessities（必需品），均为与生活相关的抽象或具体概念。选项fort（舒适）符合语义，指生活中的舒适感，与财富、物质等并列构成生活水平的组成部分。
2. 第2题：O（income）
句子：“includes basic material factors such as 2.____, GDP, life expectancy...” 列举“基本物质因素”，GDP（国内生产总值）、life expectancy（预期寿命）均为宏观或客观指标，选项Oincome（收入）属于个人/家庭的经济指标，符合“基本物质因素”的语境，且与GDP等并列合理。
3.第3题：I（opportunity）
句子：“economic 3.____” 前文“basic material factors”（基本物质因素）包括经济相关内容，选项Iopportunity（机会）符合“经济机会”的表达，指获得经济资源的可能性，属于生活水平的经济因素之一。
4.第4题：C（stability）
句子：“economic and political 4.____” 并列结构“经济和政治____”，选项Cstability（稳定）符合逻辑，“经济和政治稳定”是生活质量的重要因素（区别于前文中的“物质因素”，属于更广泛的生活质量指标）。
5.第5题：B（climate）
句子：“such as economic and political stability, environmental quality, 5.____, and safety.” 列举生活质量因素，environmental quality（环境质量）、safety（安全）均为客观外部条件，选项Bclimate（气候）属于自然环境因素，符合语境。
6.第6题：H（century）
句子：“compared with a(n) 6.____ago, the standard of living...” 时间状语“多久以前”，选项Hcentury（世纪）符合“一个世纪前”的表达，用于对比过去与现在的生活水平变化，其他选项（如Fcomfort、Oincome等）无法表示时间。
7.第7题：N（luxuries）
句子：“items that were once 7.____, such as cars and refrigerators, are now widely available.” 逻辑：过去“____”，现在“广泛可用”，选项Nluxuries（奢侈品）符合，汽车、冰箱过去是奢侈品，现在普及，符合语义。
8.第8题：A（decreased）
句子：“average life expectancy has increased, while annual work hours have 8.____.” 转折逻辑“while”（然而），前半句“预期寿命增加”，后半句“年工作时间”应相反，选项Adecreased（减少）符合，即工作时间缩短，生活水平提高。
9.第9题：G（higher）
句子：“Standards of living are usually 9.____in developed nations than in developing nations.” 比较结构“than”提示用比较级，选项Ghigher（更高）符合“发达国家生活水平通常高于发展中国家”的常识。
10.第10题：M（industrialized）
句子：“Emerging market economies... grow into modern, 110.____economies.” 修饰“economies”（经济），“modern”（现代的）并列形容词，选项Mindustrialized（工业化的）符合“现代工业化经济”的表达，描述新兴市场经济的发展方向。