题目
Visit any antiques store and you'll encounter artifacts from the past：photographs，letters，a brochure detailing the delicate dinosaur exhibit from the 1964 — 1965 World's Fair，the ephemera （短暂现象） of history.Yet these objects aren't truly ephemeral，because they're still here，decades，even centuries later.Why？Because they're tangible. Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats，digital information，given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation？For millennia，we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived，often despite their original creators' neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation，no attempts were made at intentional preservation，yet analogous materials （实体材料） have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers，historians，and novelists rely on.Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization，preservation，and access to information.Thus，librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches，which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems. Librarians' selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying， "It's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access made possible and，perhaps more importantly，how is it maintained？Who curates what is preserved？When it comes to born-digital information，the terrifying answer can be：if not librarians and archivists，then no one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog. Even when a digital object is preserved，it may only be the carrier that's saved，not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete，the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk，thinking：how do I get the files off this？Without constant migration of digital assets，a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night：a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog. As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets，I share the night terrors of historians，and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering，organizing，and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus，we play an indispensable role in identifying，preserving，and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that，while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to practice their profession，they won't find it an impossible one.（1）The author mentions the artifacts from the past to ____ .A.introduce the collection of antiquesB.contrast them with everyday itemsC.bring up the issue of preservationment on their historical value（2）Compared with digital objects，tangible artifacts ____ .A.are less subject to their creators' neglectB.convey information in a more direct wayC.require more intentional preservationD.are less likely to suffer serious damage（3）According to Paragraph 3，librarians' work may result in ____ .A.oversupply of materialsB.undervaluation of librariesC.researchers' underperformanceD.users' overreliance on technology（4）Which of the following statements best summarizes the text？ ____ A.Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.B.Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.C.Accessing databases is essential to researchers.D.Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
Visit any antiques store and you'll encounter artifacts from the past：photographs，letters，a brochure detailing the delicate dinosaur exhibit from the 1964 — 1965 World's Fair，the ephemera （短暂现象） of history.Yet these objects aren't truly ephemeral，because they're still here，decades，even centuries later.Why？Because they're tangible.
Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats，digital information，given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation？For millennia，we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived，often despite their original creators' neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation，no attempts were made at intentional preservation，yet analogous materials （实体材料） have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers，historians，and novelists rely on.Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization，preservation，and access to information.Thus，librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches，which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems.
Librarians' selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying， "It's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access made possible and，perhaps more importantly，how is it maintained？Who curates what is preserved？When it comes to born-digital information，the terrifying answer can be：if not librarians and archivists，then no one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.
Even when a digital object is preserved，it may only be the carrier that's saved，not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete，the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk，thinking：how do I get the files off this？Without constant migration of digital assets，a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night：a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets，I share the night terrors of historians，and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering，organizing，and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus，we play an indispensable role in identifying，preserving，and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that，while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to practice their profession，they won't find it an impossible one.
（1）The author mentions the artifacts from the past to ____ .
A.introduce the collection of antiques
B.contrast them with everyday items
C.bring up the issue of preservation
ment on their historical value
（2）Compared with digital objects，tangible artifacts ____ .
A.are less subject to their creators' neglect
B.convey information in a more direct way
C.require more intentional preservation
D.are less likely to suffer serious damage
（3）According to Paragraph 3，librarians' work may result in ____ .
A.oversupply of materials
B.undervaluation of libraries
C.researchers' underperformance
D.users' overreliance on technology
（4）Which of the following statements best summarizes the text？ ____
A.Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
B.Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.
C.Accessing databases is essential to researchers.
D.Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats，digital information，given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation？For millennia，we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived，often despite their original creators' neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation，no attempts were made at intentional preservation，yet analogous materials （实体材料） have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers，historians，and novelists rely on.Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization，preservation，and access to information.Thus，librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches，which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems.
Librarians' selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying， "It's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access made possible and，perhaps more importantly，how is it maintained？Who curates what is preserved？When it comes to born-digital information，the terrifying answer can be：if not librarians and archivists，then no one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.
Even when a digital object is preserved，it may only be the carrier that's saved，not the information itself.As technology advances and a format becomes obsolete，the object is useless.Have you ever stared helplessly at a ZIP disk，thinking：how do I get the files off this？Without constant migration of digital assets，a nightmare about the foreseeable future is what keeps historians up at night：a historical record that abruptly stops when digital replaces analog.
As a librarian whose day job revolves around special collections and digital assets，I share the night terrors of historians，and I'd be lying if I said a comprehensive preservation solution currently exists.Yet researchers can take some comfort in the fact that there are a multitude of librarians devoted to discovering，organizing，and preserving digital information for researchers current and future.Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.Thus，we play an indispensable role in identifying，preserving，and providing accessibility to digital artifacts so that，while future researchers may find the digital realm a challenging place to practice their profession，they won't find it an impossible one.
（1）The author mentions the artifacts from the past to ____ .
A.introduce the collection of antiques
B.contrast them with everyday items
C.bring up the issue of preservation
ment on their historical value
（2）Compared with digital objects，tangible artifacts ____ .
A.are less subject to their creators' neglect
B.convey information in a more direct way
C.require more intentional preservation
D.are less likely to suffer serious damage
（3）According to Paragraph 3，librarians' work may result in ____ .
A.oversupply of materials
B.undervaluation of libraries
C.researchers' underperformance
D.users' overreliance on technology
（4）Which of the following statements best summarizes the text？ ____
A.Hard work should be done to preserve artifacts.
B.Keeping digital historical records is a challenge.
C.Accessing databases is essential to researchers.
D.Contributions of librarians should be recognized.
题目解答
答案
（1）推理判断题。由本文第二段中关键句的内容Have you pondered the life cycle of intangible formats，digital information，given that those who produce these artifacts seldom plan for their long-term preservation？（你是否思考过非物质形式（如数字信息）的生命周期呢？要知道，那些创造这些"产物"的人往往很少考虑对其进行长期保存的问题。）可知，作者提及过去的那些文物，是为了引出保存这一话题。故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第二段中关键句的内容For millennia，we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived，often despite their original creators' neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation，no attempts were made at intentional preservation，yet analogous materials （实体材料） have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers，historians，and novelists rely on.Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization，preservation，and access to information.Thus，librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches，which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems.（数千年以来，我们所知晓的一切都是由于那些留存下来的文物所致，尽管这些文物的原创作者往往并未加以妥善保存。事物本身才是传递信息的媒介。在创作之时，并未有人刻意进行保存工作，但类似的材料却有可能得以留存，并成为传记作家、历史学家和小说家所依赖的历史记录。图书馆和档案馆传统上承担着组织、保存和提供信息的职责。因此，图书馆员将有形的资料数字化，以便世界各地的研究人员能够快速搜索和获取其馆藏。其结果是出现了丰富的历史资源，但也带来了自身特有的难题，即如何在海量资料中找到所需的信息。）可知，与数字对象相比，有形的实物能够以更直接的方式传递信息。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三段的内容Librarians' selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying， "It's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access made possible and，perhaps more importantly，how is it maintained？Who curates what is preserved？When it comes to born-digital information，the terrifying answer can be：if not librarians and archivists，then no one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.（图书馆员的无私奉献有时会对我们产生不利影响，比如当用户举起手机并宣称"这里应有尽有"以此作为图书馆对研究人员不再具有重要价值的证据时。然而，这种广泛的获取方式是如何实现的？或许更重要的是，它是如何得以维持的？谁负责挑选并保存所保留的内容？对于数字化生成的信息而言，令人恐惧的答案可能是：如果不是图书馆员和档案管理员，那就没有人了。数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的精心呵护。）可知，图书馆员的工作可能会导致对图书馆的重视程度降低。故选B项。
（4）主旨大意题。由本文最后一段中关键句的内容Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.（图书馆工作人员具有得天独厚的优势，能够深入了解用户如何寻求和使用信息。）和全文内容可知，文章先对比实体与数字信息的保存，重点阐述数字信息保存的难题（如载体过时、缺乏专人维护），后强调图书馆员在数字信息保存中的关键作用，核心是数字历史记录的保存具有挑战性，且图书馆员对此至关重要。综合来看，D.Contributions of librarians should be recognized.（图书馆员的贡献应该得到认可。）最能概括全文核心。故选D项。
（2）细节理解题。由本文第二段中关键句的内容For millennia，we've known what we've known due to artifacts that have survived，often despite their original creators' neglect.The thing itself is the medium that delivers the information.At the time of creation，no attempts were made at intentional preservation，yet analogous materials （实体材料） have a chance of surviving and serving as the historical record that biographers，historians，and novelists rely on.Libraries and archives have traditionally shouldered the responsibility of organization，preservation，and access to information.Thus，librarians digitize the tangible so that researchers anywhere can quickly search and access their Holdings.The result is an embarrassment of historical riches，which brings to its own needle-and-haystack problems.（数千年以来，我们所知晓的一切都是由于那些留存下来的文物所致，尽管这些文物的原创作者往往并未加以妥善保存。事物本身才是传递信息的媒介。在创作之时，并未有人刻意进行保存工作，但类似的材料却有可能得以留存，并成为传记作家、历史学家和小说家所依赖的历史记录。图书馆和档案馆传统上承担着组织、保存和提供信息的职责。因此，图书馆员将有形的资料数字化，以便世界各地的研究人员能够快速搜索和获取其馆藏。其结果是出现了丰富的历史资源，但也带来了自身特有的难题，即如何在海量资料中找到所需的信息。）可知，与数字对象相比，有形的实物能够以更直接的方式传递信息。故选B项。
（3）细节理解题。由本文第三段的内容Librarians' selfless devotion can act against us when users point to universality of access by holding up a cellphone and saying， "It's all in here" as evidence that libraries are less vital for researchers today.Yet how was that universality of access made possible and，perhaps more importantly，how is it maintained？Who curates what is preserved？When it comes to born-digital information，the terrifying answer can be：if not librarians and archivists，then no one.Digital information requires a great deal more care than analog.（图书馆员的无私奉献有时会对我们产生不利影响，比如当用户举起手机并宣称"这里应有尽有"以此作为图书馆对研究人员不再具有重要价值的证据时。然而，这种广泛的获取方式是如何实现的？或许更重要的是，它是如何得以维持的？谁负责挑选并保存所保留的内容？对于数字化生成的信息而言，令人恐惧的答案可能是：如果不是图书馆员和档案管理员，那就没有人了。数字信息需要比模拟信息更多的精心呵护。）可知，图书馆员的工作可能会导致对图书馆的重视程度降低。故选B项。
（4）主旨大意题。由本文最后一段中关键句的内容Librarians are uniquely positioned to understand how end users seek and use information.（图书馆工作人员具有得天独厚的优势，能够深入了解用户如何寻求和使用信息。）和全文内容可知，文章先对比实体与数字信息的保存，重点阐述数字信息保存的难题（如载体过时、缺乏专人维护），后强调图书馆员在数字信息保存中的关键作用，核心是数字历史记录的保存具有挑战性，且图书馆员对此至关重要。综合来看，D.Contributions of librarians should be recognized.（图书馆员的贡献应该得到认可。）最能概括全文核心。故选D项。