People are considered laborers if their jobs have a(n) 71 effect on them, yet they feel 72 to continue working by the necessity of 73 societal expectations and earning the 74 to support themselves and their families. The polar opposite of labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private 75; society does not care when or whether we play.Between labor and play stands work. People are labeled as workers if their personal interests 76 the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is 77 play from the individual's personal point of view. Whether a job is to be 78 as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who 79 it. The difference does not, for example, 80 the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs with low or high income; a gardener covered in dirt in a greenhouse may be a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may prove to be an unhappy laborer!71. A. reverseB. adverseC. universeD. converse72. A. expelledB. spelledC. repelledD. compelled73. A. conforming toB. setting offC. ripping throughD. adding up to74. A. avenueB. venueC. revenueD. expense75. A. pastimeB. pastimeC. daytimeD. maritime76. A. catch up withB. endow withC. contend withD. coincide with77. A. deceptiveB. voluntaryC. compulsoryD. stubborn78. A. resignedB. designedC. designatedD. integrated79. A. overtakesB. undertakesC. mistakesD. intakes80. A. trade withB. mingle withC. correlate withD. collaborate with
People are considered laborers if their jobs have a(n) 71 effect on them, yet they feel 72 to continue working by the necessity of 73 societal expectations and earning the 74 to support themselves and their families. The polar opposite of labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, but it is a purely private 75; society does not care when or whether we play.
Between labor and play stands work. People are labeled as workers if their personal interests 76 the jobs society pays them to do; what is necessary labor from the point of view of society is 77 play from the individual's personal point of view. Whether a job is to be 78 as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who 79 it. The difference does not, for example, 80 the difference between a manual and mental job or between jobs with low or high income; a gardener covered in dirt in a greenhouse may be a worker while a well-dressed city mayor may prove to be an unhappy laborer!
71. A. reverse
B. adverse
C. universe
D. converse
72. A. expelled
B. spelled
C. repelled
D. compelled
73. A. conforming to
B. setting off
C. ripping through
D. adding up to
74. A. avenue
B. venue
C. revenue
D. expense
75. A. pastime
B. pastime
C. daytime
D. maritime
76. A. catch up with
B. endow with
C. contend with
D. coincide with
77. A. deceptive
B. voluntary
C. compulsory
D. stubborn
78. A. resigned
B. designed
C. designated
D. integrated
79. A. overtakes
B. undertakes
C. mistakes
D. intakes
80. A. trade with
B. mingle with
C. correlate with
D. collaborate with
题目解答
答案
解析
本题主要考查词汇辨析和对文章语境的理解。解题的关键在于根据句子中的逻辑关系、上下文语义以及固定搭配来选择合适的词汇。
71题
- “yet”表示转折，说明前后情况相反。这里说人们被认为是劳动者，后面提到他们不得不继续工作，所以前面应该是工作对他们有不利的影响。
- “reverse”意为“相反的，反向的”，通常用于描述方向、顺序等的相反；“universe”是“宇宙”的意思，与本题语境无关；“converse”主要指“相反的，逆向的”，强调逻辑上的相反；“adverse”表示“不利的，有害的”，符合工作对劳动者有不利影响的语境。所以选“adverse”。
72题
- 句子表达人们因为社会期望和谋生的需要而不得不继续工作。
- “expelled”是“驱逐，开除”的意思；“spelled”是“拼写”的过去式；“repelled”是“击退，抵制”的意思；“compelled”是“强迫，迫使”，“be compelled to do sth.”是固定搭配，表示“被迫做某事”，符合语境。所以选“compelled”。
73题
- 这里需要一个表示“符合，遵循”社会期望的短语。
- “setting off”意为“出发，引起”；“ripping through”表示“迅速穿过，撕裂”；“adding up to”是“总计，等于”的意思；“conforming to”表示“符合，遵照”，符合人们要遵循社会期望的语境。所以选“conforming to”。
74题
- 人们工作是为了获得维持自己和家人生活的东西，也就是收入。
- “avenue”意为“大街，途径”；“venue”是“场地，场所”；“expense”是“费用，开支”；“revenue”表示“收入，收益”，符合语境。所以选“revenue”。
75题
- 前面提到玩游戏是一种享受，且是私人的活动，社会不在乎。
- “daytime”是“白天”；“maritime”是“海上的，海事的”；“pastime”表示“消遣，娱乐”，符合玩游戏是一种私人消遣活动的语境。所以选“pastime”。
76题
- 句子说如果人们的个人兴趣和社会付钱让他们做的工作一致，他们就被称为工人。
- “catch up with”意为“赶上，追上”；“endow with”是“赋予，授予”；“contend with”表示“与……竞争，斗争”；“coincide with”表示“与……一致，相符”，符合语境。所以选“coincide with”。
77题
- 从社会角度看是必要的劳动，从个人角度看就是自愿的活动，与劳动相对的是玩，所以这里是自愿的意思。
- “deceptive”意为“欺骗性的”；“compulsory”是“强制的，义务的”；“stubborn”是“固执的”；“voluntary”表示“自愿的，志愿的”，符合语境。所以选“voluntary”。
78题
- 这里说一份工作是被视为劳动还是工作取决于个人的喜好。
- “resigned”是“辞职，顺从”的过去式；“designed”是“设计”的过去式；“integrated”是“整合，使融入”的过去式；“designated”表示“指定，视为”，“be designated as”是固定搭配，表示“被视为，被指定为”，符合语境。所以选“designated”。
79题
- 这里指从事这份工作的个人。
- “overtakes”意为“超过，赶上”；“mistakes”是“错误，误解”；“intakes”是“摄入，吸入”；“undertakes”表示“承担，从事”，“undertake a job”表示“从事一份工作”，符合语境。所以选“undertakes”。
80题
- 句子说这种区别（劳动和工作的区别）与体力和脑力工作的区别或者低收入和高收入工作的区别没有关联。
- “trade with”意为“与……进行贸易”；“mingle with”是“与……混合，交往”；“collaborate with”表示“与……合作”；“correlate with”表示“与……相关，与……有联系”，符合语境。所以选“correlate with”。