Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.American spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym membershipsand plastic surgery.Trying to live up to the images of “perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety depression, aswell as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. t also has a financial cost Having an eating disorderboosts annual health care costs by nearly US2,000 per person.Why i there both external and internal pressure to look perfect"? One reason is that society rewards peoplewho are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have alsofound an impactfor men, though a less noticeable one.While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers andcustomers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person's ownperception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample ofAmericans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when peoplebuild their identities.As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight-they think they're heavierthan they are-while men tend to under-perceive theirs.We found no relationship between the average person's self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes,although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem(自尊心), mental health and health behaviors.While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, ourfinding that misperceived weightdoes not harm workers is more heartening.Since employers' percepion of weight i what matters in the labor market changing discrimination laws toinclude body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basisof weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.46. What does the author say may have an adverseimpact on people?A)Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.B)Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.C) Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.D)Attempting to meet society's expectation of appearance.47. What have researchers found out about people's earnings?A)They are closely related to people's social status.B)They have to do with peoples body weight and shape.C)They seem to matter much less to men than to women.D)They may not be equal to people's contributions.48. What does the author's recent study focus on?A)Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.B)Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success in the labor market.C)Whether self-perception of body image impacts one's workplace success.D)How bosses' perception of body image impacts employees' advancement.49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?A) Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.B) People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.C)Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.D)Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?A)Banning discrimination on the basis of employees' body image.B)Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.C)Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.D)Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.

Section CPassage One美国人每年花费数十亿美元试图通过节食、去健身房办会员卡和整形手术来改变体重。[46]试图达到“完美的”模特的形象和电影中英雄的形象,有不好的一面：焦虑、抑郁以及不健康的减重或增肌的策略。还有经济成本。饮食失调会使一个人的年度医疗保健成本增加近2,000美元。为什么看起来“完美”既有来自外部的压力,也有来自内部的压力？其中的一个原因是社会会馈赠那些长得瘦并且看起来健康的人。[47]研究人员表明,体重指数与工资和收入有关。特别是对于女性来说她们在工作中明显会受到超重或者肥胖带来的负面影响。一些研究还发现,体重对男性也是有影响的尽管影响较小尽管研究文献清楚地表明,在劳动力市场中,成功部分取决于雇主和客户如何看待你的身材形象但还没有人探究过该问题的另一面。[48]一个人对自己身材形象的看法是否会影响他的收入和职场成功的其他指标呢[48]我们最近发表的研究回答了这个问题。在全国范围内,我们对处于关键时期的美国人的大量随机样本进行了追踪,这个时期人们的身体从青少年身材转变为成人身材,同时,人们在这个时期建立了自己的身份。与其他研究结果一样，我们抽选的女性往往将自己的体重想象得过重——她们认为自己的体重比实际的要重一些,而男性则往往将自己的体重想象得过轻[49]我们发现,普通人对体重的自我认知与劳动力市场的结果之间并没有关系,尽管自我认知的体重会影响自尊心、心理健康和健康行为尽管劳动力市场上持续存在的性别歧视令人沮丧,但[49]我们发现被误解的体重并不会对劳动者产生危害,这更令人振奋[50]既然雇主对体重的认知在劳动力市场中很重要,那么,修改歧视法,将身材类型歧视列为歧视类型之一会有所帮助。密歇根州是唯一一个禁止歧视体重和身高的州。我们认为，扩大此类保护范围将会使劳动力市场更加公平和高效。【论说文:对“完美”身材的追求既有社会原因,又有自身原因,但是身材造成的职场不公平主要是雇主对体重的认知问题,作者建议将身材歧视纳入歧视法】第1段:美国人每年花费巨额资金通过节食、健身和整形等手段来减肥。第2段:试图获得好身材不但有使人焦虑等副作用,还要付出高额的经济成本。第3段:“完美”身材的压力有社会原因——社会馈赠身材好的人,而且研究发现收入与体重指数相关。肥胖对职场女性有负面影响。第4段:虽然有研究表明在职场的成功部分取决于雇主和客户如何看待你的身材,但还没有人研究一个人自己对身材的看法是否影响职场上的成功第5段:作者团队最近的研究结果回答了这个问题。第6-8段:作者的研究及其发现:首先,女性往往把自己的体重想象得过重;其次,普通人对体重的自我认知与在职场上是否成功无关。这一发现令人振奋。第9段:既然雇主对体重的认知是关键,那么将身材歧视纳入歧视法就会有所帮助,这将会使劳动力市场更加公平和高效。46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact作者说什么可能对人们有不利影响?on people?A)Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.A)为了追求美丽而做整形手术B)Imitating the ifestyles of heroes and role models.B)模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式C)Striving to achieve perfetion regardless offinancial cost.C)力求达到完美,而不考虑经济成本D)Attempting to meet society's expectation ofD)试图满足社会对外表的期望appearance.定位：根据题干关键词an adverse impact可以将答案定位到第二段第一句。解析：第二段第一句指出，试图达到“完美的”模特的形象和电影中英雄的形象，有不好的一面：焦虑、抑郁以及不健康的减重或增肌的策略。题干中的an adverse impact即文章中的has a dark side的同义替换。试图达到“完美的”模特的形象和电影中英雄的形象就是选项D说的“试图满足社会对外表的期望”，因为社会上宣传的模特的身材以及电影里面英雄的身材都是整个社会对“好身材”的定义，也就是人们对外表的期望,这其实是有一些不利影响的,比如导致焦虑、抑郁、不健康的减肥或增肌的策略，还有经济成本的增加，故本题选D。选项A有一定的迷惑性,虽然原文第一段提到了整形手术，指出人们为了改变体重会去做整形手术,但第二段并不是说这些具体的减肥方法有不利影响,而是想要变瘦，想满足社会对身材的要求这件事有不利影响，故排除A。选项B和C的内容都是利用原文的词汇设置的干扰项,不是原文要表达的意思,均可以排除。47. What have researchers found out about people's earn-关于人们的收入,研究人员发现了什么?ings?A)They are closely related to people's social statusA)它们与人们的社会地位密切相关B) They have to do wth peoples body weightandB)它们与人们的体重和身材有关。shape.C)它们对男性的影响比对女性的影响小得多C)They seem to matter much less to men than toD)它们可能与人们的贡献不匹配。womenD)They may ntbe equa topeoples conribuions.定位：根据题干关键词 researchers和peope's earnings可以将答案定位到文章第三段第三句。earnings同义替换原文的wages and income。解析:文章第三段第三句指出,研究人员表明,体重指数与工资和收入有关,体重指数是衡量人胖瘦的一个标准，所以这与选项B“它们与人们的体重和身材有关”一致，故本题选B。have to do with与原文的is related to是同义替换。选项A、C和D的内容原文没有提到，均可以排除48. What does the author's recent study focus on?作者最近的研究重点是什么?A)Previous literature on indicators of compettivenessA)关于职场竞争力指标的以前的文献in the workplace.B)一个人想要在劳动力市场上追求成功应具备B)Traits that matter most in one's pursuit of success的最重要的品质in the labor marketC)对身材形象的自我认知是否会影响工作上的C)Whethe sef-perception of body image impats成功。one's workplace successD)老板对身材形象的认知是如何影响员工晋D)How bosses'perception of body image impacts升的。employees'advancement.定位：根据题干关键词the authorsrecetstudy可以将答案定位到第五段第一句。解析：第五段第一句指出，我们最近发表的研究回答了这个问题，而关于“这个问题是什么”的表述出现在上一段的最后，即一个人对自己身材形象的看法是否会影响其收入和职场成功的其他指标。由此可知，作者最近的研究重点就是对身材的自我认知是否会影响工作上的成功，故本题选C。选项B和D的内容是根据文章部分词汇设置的干扰项,选项A的内容文章没有提及,均可以排除。49. What is the finding of the author's recent research?作者最近的研究有什么发现?A)Being overweight actually does not do much harmA)实际上,超重并不会对员工的整体健康造成to the overall well-being of employees.太大损害。B)People are not adversely affected in the workplaceB)人们在职场中没有因为自己对于体重的错误by false self-perception of body weight认知而受到不利影响。C)Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequalty inC)自尊有助于消除职场中的性别不平等the workplace.D)性别不平等仍然阻挠了许多女性员工走向D)Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of成功。female employees.定位：根据题干关键词finding of the author'srecentresearch可以将答案定位到文章倒数第三段。解析:文章倒数第三段指出,我们发现,普通人对体重的自我认知与劳动力市场的结果之间并没有关系。下一段进一步指出,我们发现被误解的体重并不会对劳动者产生危害。由此可知，作者的研究发现，在职场上，人们并不会因为自己对体重的错误认知而受到不利影响，故本题选B。false self-perception of body weight与原文的misperceived weight是同义替换。选项A、C和D的内容都不是作者近期的研究发现,均可以排除50. What does the author think would help improve the作者认为什么将有助于改善劳动力市场的状况?situation in the labor market?A)Banning discrimination on the basis of employeesA)禁止基于员工身材形象的歧视body imageB)扩大对妇女不受性别歧视的保护范围。B)Expanding protection of women against genderC)帮助员工改变自己对美的看法。discrimination.D)不将身材情况写进劳动合同中C)Helping employees change their own perception ofbeauty.D)Excluding body shape as a category in the laborcontract.定位：根据题干关键词improve the situation in the labor market以及答题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则可以将答案定位到最后一段解析:最后一段第一句指出,既然雇主对体重的认知在劳动力市场中很重要,那么,修改歧视法,将身材类型歧视列为歧视类型之一会有所帮助。最后一句也指出,扩大此类保护范围将会使劳动力市场更加公平和高效。由此可见,作者认为,如果法律禁止基于员工身材形象的歧视,这会改善劳动力市场的状况,故本题选A。选项B、C和D的内容文章都没有提及,均可以排除