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38. If companies use the patent system to ______ other start-ups, less innovation will happen and the whole industry may lag behind.A. shut inB. shut downC. shut offD. shut out

38. If companies use the patent system to ______ other start-ups, less innovation will happen and the whole industry may lag behind. A. shut in B. shut down C. shut off D. shut out

题目解答

答案

我们来一步一步分析这道题目。 题目是: **38. If companies use the patent system to ______ other start-ups, less innovation will happen and the whole industry may lag behind.** 选项是: A. shut in B. shut down C. shut off D. shut out --- **第一步:理解句子的整体意思** 句子的意思是: “如果公司利用专利制度来 ______ 其他初创企业,那么创新将会减少,整个行业可能会落后。” 我们需要填入一个动词短语,表示“排除”或“阻止”其他初创企业参与竞争或发展。 关键词是“patent system”(专利制度)。大公司常常利用专利来阻止小公司进入市场,这是一种常见的商业策略。因此,这里要表达的是“利用专利来排斥或阻挡其他初创企业”。 --- **第二步:分析每个选项的含义** 我们逐个来看四个选项中“shut”与不同介词搭配的意思: - **A. shut in** 意思是“把……关在里面”,通常用于物理空间,比如把人关在屋内;也用于情感上“压抑(情感)”。 例如:She felt shut in by the small room. 这个短语不常用于商业或竞争语境,且“把别人关在里面”不符合逻辑。排除。 - **B. shut down** 意思是“关闭(公司、工厂、系统等)”,强调使某个机构或运作停止。 例如:The government shut down the illegal factory. 虽然可以说“shut down a start-up”(让一家初创公司倒闭),但这里强调的是“利用专利系统”作为一种手段来**阻止其进入或参与竞争**,而不是直接关闭它。 而且,“shut down”更强调结果,而“shut out”更强调“排除在外”的过程或意图。所以这个选项不如D合适。 - **C. shut off** 通常用于切断资源,如水、电、供应等。 例如:They shut off the water supply. 也可以比喻性地表示“切断与……的联系”,但一般不用于“排除某个公司”这个语境。 比如不说“shut off other start-ups”。用法不搭配。排除。 - **D. shut out** 意思是“把……关在门外”,“排除在外”,常用于比喻意义,表示不让某人参与或进入某个领域。 例如:The new regulations shut out small businesses. 这正是我们想要的意思——大公司利用专利制度将初创企业**排除在市场或竞争之外**。 这个短语在商业和法律语境中非常常见。 --- **第三步:结合语境选择最合适的选项** 句子强调的是:**利用专利制度作为一种壁垒,阻止初创企业进入市场或参与创新竞争**,从而导致整体创新减少。 “shut out”最准确地表达了“排除、阻挡进入”的含义。 --- **最终答案:D. shut out** --- ✅ **解题过程总结:** 1. 理解句子大意:专利被用作阻止初创企业的工具,导致创新减少。 2. 分析四个“shut + 介词”短语的含义。 3. 排除不符合语义和搭配的选项(A、C明显不符,B虽可勉强理解但不如D准确)。 4. 选择最符合“排除在外”这一含义的“shut out”。 **答案:\\boxed{D}**

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