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The ____ is subject to the highest combustion pressure and thermal load. A. gudgeon pinB. piston ringC. piston skirtD. piston crown

The ____ is subject to the highest combustion pressure and thermal load.

  • A. gudgeon pin
  • B. piston ring
  • C. piston skirt
  • D. piston crown

题目解答

答案

### 问题解析 这道题目考察的是内燃机中活塞各部分的受力情况。题目要求选择一个部件,该部件在发动机工作过程中承受最高的燃烧压力和热负荷。 1. **gudgeon pin(活塞销)**: - 活塞销是连接活塞和连杆的部件,主要承受的是剪切力和弯曲力,而不是直接承受燃烧压力和热负荷。 2. **piston ring(活塞环)**: - 活塞环的主要功能是密封活塞与气缸壁之间的间隙,防止燃烧气体泄漏。虽然活塞环也承受一定的热负荷和压力,但并不是最高的。 3. **piston skirt(活塞裙部)**: - 活塞裙部的主要作用是引导活塞在气缸内上下运动,并承受侧向力。活塞裙部虽然也会受到一定的热负荷,但主要不是承受燃烧压力的部件。 4. **piston crown(活塞顶部)**: - 活塞顶部是直接与燃烧室接触的部分,承受最高的燃烧压力和热负荷。在发动机工作过程中,燃烧室内的高温高压气体直接作用在活塞顶部,使其成为受力最大的部分。 ### 答案 根据以上分析,活塞顶部(piston crown)是承受最高燃烧压力和热负荷的部件。 因此,正确答案是 **D. piston crown**。

解析

本题考查内燃机中活塞各部分的受力情况,核心在于理解燃烧压力和热负荷的分布。关键点在于:

  1. 燃烧室内的高温高压气体直接作用在活塞顶部,使其承受最大压力和热量;

  2. 其他部件(如活塞环、裙部等)虽然受力,但并非直接承受最高负荷。

  3. gudgeon pin(活塞销):

    • 作用:连接活塞与连杆,传递动力。
    • 受力特点:主要承受剪切力和弯曲力,不直接接触燃烧室,因此热负荷较低。
  4. piston ring(活塞环):

    • 作用:密封活塞与气缸壁间隙,防止气体泄漏。
    • 受力特点:虽然接触高温气体,但受力分散,且主要承受摩擦磨损,非最高压力点。
  5. piston skirt(活塞裙部):

    • 作用:引导活塞运动,承受侧向力。
    • 受力特点:受热负荷较小,主要受机械应力而非燃烧压力。
  6. piston crown(活塞顶部):

    • 作用:构成燃烧室的一部分,直接承受燃烧气体的冲击。
    • 受力特点:燃烧压力和热负荷最大,因直接接触高温高压气体。

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