答案[D]supportive.解析:本题考察的是态度题,从文中最后一句话: The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.可以看出作者认为法院的裁定是进步的: a step forward,,因此可以看出作者对此的态度是supportive. sarcastic: 尖酸的,挖苦的;tolerant:宽容的,容忍的;skeptical:怀疑的。21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks. [B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports. [D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travellers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to [A] quieter. [B] cheaper. [C] wider. [D] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] a dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] the government’s reluctance to back it. [D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes.

答案:21-25 ACDDC

21. 答案[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.

解析:本题目为例证题,考察论点与论据。根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。例证题中的例子为论据,所要找的答案为论点,而论点在论据之前,因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现,current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。干扰项B的urgency to strengthen security worldwide,原文未提及worldwide,属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及,是常识性干扰。

22. 答案[C]An increase in the number of travelers.

解析:本题目为原因细节题。根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句,原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化,所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文a rise in airline travel的同义替换。干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的,非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。

23. 答案[D]faster.

解析:本题目为词义句意题,考察上下文逻辑关系。根据题干,定位到第5段第3句,“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes”,结合下一句中的这样会saving time for everyone involved,即可以节省时间的安检,与选项对应就是答案D faster更快。干扰项A更安静,选项B更便宜,选项C更广泛,都无关,属于常识性干扰。

24. 答案[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.

解析:本题目为具体细节题。根据题干关键词problem with the PreCheck program定位到倒数第二段的第二句话 this price tag has been the PreCheck’s fatal flaw.本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话,说的是Passengers必须每五年pay 85美元来做background checks。正确答案D中的unreasonable price 是原文的85美元,enrollment就是原文的process background checks。干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及,选项C其错误的执行属于过度推理,选项C政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。

25. 答案[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines

解析:本题目为全文主旨题。全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。第一段介绍事实背景,第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况,并在下文提及了所出现的问题。正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。干扰项A的Screening 是原文的具体细节,选项B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。

Text 2 “The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.

26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. [D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.

27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] its geographical features. [B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure.

28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because [A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life. [B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of revival. [D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.

29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy [A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. [B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. [D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.

30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of [A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance. [C] slight hesitancy. [D] full approval.

答案:26-30 BABCD

26. 答案[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.

解析:本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的关键词Queen Liliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句,所indicate的内容是在第一段的第二句话,意思是观星者是在Hawaiian社会中最受尊重的成员。正确选项B的the importance of astronomy是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members的总结概括,in ancient Hawaiian society是原文的原词出现。干扰项A的historical role属于原文信息的曲解,选项C的regrettable decline未提及,过度推理,选项D不是in her time,是她评论ancient的观星者。

27. 答案[A]its geographical features.

解析:本题目为具体细节题。根据题干中的大写字母Mauna Kea,以及关键词ideal astronomical site定位到第二段But后面的内容。But后面说Mauna Kea是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。本题目问的是原因,定位到本段最后一句,这里提到Mauna Kea的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。选项A中的geographical features就是地质特色的意思,属于同义替换。干扰项B的受保护的周边环境未提及,是常识性干扰;选项C的宗教暗示根据本段首句worship进行干扰,不在定位句里;选项D现有的基础设施未提及。

28. 答案[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.

解析:本题目属于原因细节题。根据题干关键词the construction of the TMT以及opposed by some locals定位到第四段第二句,这里提到a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation,对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。选项B中的remind 是原文的原词复现,a humiliating history(令人耻辱的历史)是对the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。

29. 答案[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.

解析:本题目属于细节推断题。根据题干定位到第5段,关键词progress in today’s astronomy再第五段中没有。此种情况下,考虑段落中心,即本段的段首,段尾及转这句。先看首句无答案,看本段尾句提到,或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因,好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答。选项C首先may是对原文as if的解读,uncover 同义替换answer,the origin of Hawaiian culture是原文ourselves and our true ancestral homes的同义转化。干扰项A的dreams本段中没有,干扰项B的Hawaiian culture本段有提及,但未指出across the world,干扰项D的soften hostility属于过度推断。

30. 答案[D]full approval

解析:第一段第二句 Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.意思是,可悲的是,夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。所以,对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境,作者用了一个sadly来形容,明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么?在下一句清楚地说明了Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜,你们居然不同意!所以两句结合一块,作者的态度就明白了,他是支持建望远镜的。在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索 There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿去,接受你们的文化遗产,去看星星看月亮,你们为毛不欢迎?咳咳,正经点儿说,就是用了no reason和cannot双重否定既强调又强调,还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该欢迎每一个到他们那儿去研究天文,并且欣赏他们的文化遗产cultural heritage的每一个人everyone。具体到这篇文章,他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说,就是天文研究,而每一个人当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明,就是全力支持。所以正确答案是D。

Text 3 Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing. While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment. This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different. So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.