logo
  • write-homewrite-home-active首页
  • icon-chaticon-chat-activeAI 智能助手
  • icon-pluginicon-plugin-active浏览器插件
  • icon-subjecticon-subject-active学科题目
  • icon-uploadicon-upload-active上传题库
  • icon-appicon-app-active手机APP
首页
/
英语
题目

Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria?Prefixes: located before the base word,Suffixes: located after the base word,

Why are prefixes and suffixes divided according to different criteria? Prefixes: located before the base word, Suffixes: located after the base word,

题目解答

答案

这个问题是在问为什么**前缀(prefixes)**和**后缀(suffixes)**要根据**不同的标准**来划分。题目中还给出了两个定义: - 前缀:位于词根(base word)**之前** - 后缀:位于词根(base word)**之后** --- ### 一、理解题意 题目实际上是在问:**为什么前缀和后缀要按照它们在词根前后的位置来区分?** 换句话说,为什么我们要把词缀(affixes)分成“前缀”和“后缀”两类,而不是用别的标准,比如功能、语义、词性变化等? --- ### 二、分析前缀和后缀的定义 前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)是英语构词法中的两种主要词缀类型,它们在词中的**位置不同**,这是它们最直观、最基础的区别。 #### 1. 位置标准(Positional criterion) - 前缀:**加在词根前面** 例如:**un-**happy(不快乐),**re-**write(重写) - 后缀:**加在词根后面** 例如:happ**y**,happ**iness** 位置标准是最直接、最容易观察和分类的标准。这种分类方式具有**客观性**和**系统性**,便于语言学习者和研究者理解和使用。 #### 2. 功能标准(Functional criterion) 虽然前缀和后缀在功能上也有区别,例如: - 前缀常改变词义(un-表示否定,re-表示重复) - 后缀常改变词性(-ness表示名词,-ly表示副词) 但功能并不是绝对的。例如: - 前缀 **en-** 有时会改变词性(如:enlarge 使变大) - 后缀 **-er** 有时也只表示动作执行者(teacher, worker),并不一定改变词义 因此,**功能标准不如位置标准清晰、稳定**。 --- ### 三、为什么用不同标准来划分? 因为: 1. **位置标准更直观、稳定**,便于教学和语言分析。 2. **功能标准可能重叠或模糊**,不同词缀可能实现相同功能。 3. **语言学中分类需要明确、可操作的标准**,位置是最基本、最可靠的标准之一。 --- ### 四、总结答案 **前缀和后缀按照位置(即在词根前或后)来划分,是因为位置是最直观、最稳定、最容易观察的分类标准。虽然它们在功能上也有区别,但功能可能重叠或模糊,不如位置标准清晰。因此,语言学中采用位置作为划分前缀和后缀的主要依据。** --- ### 最终答案: $$ \boxed{前缀和后缀按其在词根前后的位置划分,因为位置是最直观、稳定且便于观察的分类标准,而功能标准可能重叠或模糊。} $$

解析

考查要点:本题主要考查对前缀(prefixes)和后缀(suffixes)分类标准的理解,以及不同分类标准之间的对比。

解题核心思路:

  1. 明确前缀和后缀的定义,抓住它们在词根中的位置差异。
  2. 对比其他可能的分类标准(如功能、语义等),分析为何位置是更优的划分依据。
  3. 结合语言学分类的客观性、稳定性需求,总结位置标准的优势。

破题关键点:

  • 位置标准的直观性:前缀和后缀的位置差异是最直接、最易观察的特征。
  • 功能标准的局限性:功能可能重叠或模糊,无法作为稳定分类依据。

一、前缀和后缀的定义与位置标准

  1. 前缀:位于词根前,例如:
    • un-(否定):unhappy(不快乐)
    • re-(重复):rewrite(重写)
  2. 后缀:位于词根后,例如:
    • -ness(名词化):happiness(快乐)
    • -ly(副词化):happily(快乐地)

位置标准的优势:

  • 客观性:位置是物理性的存在,无需主观判断。
  • 系统性:所有词缀均可按位置明确分类,无例外。

二、功能标准的局限性

  1. 前缀的功能:
    • 主要改变词义(如否定、重复),但部分前缀(如en-)也可改变词性(enlarge:动词→使变大)。
  2. 后缀的功能:
    • 主要改变词性,但部分后缀(如-er)仅表示动作执行者(teacher、worker),不改变词性。

结论:功能标准存在重叠和模糊,无法作为独立分类依据。

三、语言学分类的需求

  1. 明确性:分类标准需清晰、可操作。
  2. 稳定性:位置标准不会因词缀功能变化而失效。
  3. 教学便利性:位置标准便于学生记忆和应用。

相关问题

  • The increase in international business and in foreign investment has created a need for executives with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. Americans, however, have not been well trained in either area and, consequently, have not enjoyed the same level of success in negotiation in an international arena as have their foreign counterparts. Negotiating is the process of communicating back and forth for the purpose of reaching an agreement. It involves persuasion and compromise, but in order to participate in either one, the negotiators must understand the ways in which people are persuaded and how compromise is reached within the culture of the negotiation. In many international business negotiations abroad, Americans are perceived as wealthy and impersonal. It often appears to the foreign negotiator that the American represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation that can afford to pay the price without bargaining further. The American negotiator’s role becomes that of an impersonal supplier of information and cash. In studies of American negotiators abroad, several traits have been identified that may serve to confirm this stereotypical perception, while undermining the negotiator’s position. Two traits in particular that cause cross-cultural misunderstanding are directness and impatience on the part of the American negotiator. Furthermore, American negotiators often insist on realizing short-term goals. Foreign negotiators, on the other hand, may value the relationship established between negotiators and may be willing to invest time in it for long-term benefits. In order to solidify the relationship, they may opt for indirect interactions without regard for the time involved in getting to know the other negotiator. Clearly, perceptions and differences in values affect the outcomes of negotiations and the success of negotiators. For Americans to play a more effective role in international business negotiations, they must put forth more effort to improve cross-cultural understanding. [共5题](1)What kind of manager is needed in present international business and foreign investment? [本题2分]A. The man who represents a large multi-million-dollar corporation. B. The man with knowledge of foreign languages and skills in cross-cultural communication. C. The man who is wealthy and impersonal. D. The man who can negotiate with his foreign counterparts.

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中根小短线代表一个 字母 ) A va---- is a space that contains no air or other gas.

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) If there is a bo-- in the economy, there is an increase in economic activity.

  • ⅢComplete the following sentences with the given sentence structures-|||-get ready for.sa为························备-|||-e.g.Susan has to buy a lot of things to get ready for her trip.(苏珊不得不买很多东西为旅行做准备。)-|||-1 The boy got up early to __ (为上学做准备).-|||-2 I have a lot of work to do to __ (为明天做准备).

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) To enh ---- something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness.

  • 一、拼写合适的单词补全句子(答案不区分大小写;单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母) If someone is __ob---__ , they are extremely fat.

  • question or statement.Hot pot is a traditional dish in China. It is believed to date back more than 1,000 years to the time of the Jin Dynasty. Hot pot's origins can be found in the dining practices of Mongolian horsemen who rode across the steppe and into northern China. Legend has it that the Mongols used their helmets as pots to simmer (炖) broth (汤底) over open fires, and cooked chunks of meat in the broth.Hot pot cooking seems to have spread to northern China during the Tang Dynasty. In the regional variations developed with different ingredients such as seafood. In the centuries that witnessed the growth of the Song Dynasty, hot pot moved — and changed — further south, with each successive region adapting it to their local ingredients and tastes.The ingredients in a hot pot vary a lot from region to region. Perhaps the most famous hot pot is the Chongqing or Sichuan hot pot. It features a dark red broth chock-full (塞满了的) of spices, chili peppers, and the uniquely mouth-numbing Sichuan peppers. In Beijing and elsewhere in the north, hot pot broth tends to be mild and, compared to its racy southern "cousins", a little light. In the northeast of China, a kind of local sauerkraut (酸菜) is used to add some tang (强烈的味道), making the broth a bit sour. People can choose a version of hot pot according to their taste.1 Hot pot is believed to date back more than 1,000 years to the time of _______.A. the Jin Dynasty B. the Tang DynastyC. the Song Dynasty D. the Yuan Dynasty

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母 ) A seq----- of events or things is a number of events or things that come one after another in a particular order.

  • If you_________in a job for several years, you may be able to accumulate a lot of work experience and skills that would be beneficial to your future career development.A. have workedB. had workedC. have been workingD. had been working

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子(答案不区分大小写;单词提提示中一根小短线代表一个字母)Something that is inf- - - - - has no limit,end,or edge.

  • The coming of the railways in the 1830s ________ our society and economic life.A. transferredB. transformedC. transportedD. transmitted

  • Elder and weaker Mr. Mag paid_visits to his old friends.A. scarceB. rare()C. insufficientD. inadequate

  • 选择合适的单词补全句子。-|||-I __ in the city.-|||-live lives

  • 6. The children will now play some pieces of music that they ______ themselves. A.were taught posed C.accomplished D.worked7. While she waited,she tried to ______ her mind with pleasant thoughts of the vacation. A.occupy pose C.think D.intensify8. In the film,the peaceful life of a monk ______ the violent life of a murderer. A.is compared with B.is compared to C.is contrasted to D.is contrasted with9. ______ to pay for an order is simplicity itself. A.Use plastic B.Using plastics C.Using plastic D.Used plastic10. Additional time is required for cooking or ______ homemade dishes. A.chill B.to chill C.chilled D.chilling

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子 ( 答案不区分大小写 ; 单词提示中一根小短线代表一个 字母 ) To aut _ _ _ _ _ a factory , office , or industrial process means to put in machines which can do the work instead of people.

  • 选择合适的单词补全句子

  • The Harry Potter series, written by J.K. Rowling, is perhaps the most popular set of novels of the modern era. With seven books and many successful films to its name, the series has gathered about 15 billion dollars in sales. How did the series become so popular? The reason can be broken down into several areas.The first book in the series was rejected 12 times before it was picked up by Bloomsbury—a small publisher in England. So receiving this contract was Rowling's first step to success. However, getting a book contract does not ensure the success of a book. The story was soon loved by children and adults alike. In light of this, Bloomsbury Publishing published a second version of the books with “adult” (less colorful and more boring) book covers. This made it easier for a full range of ages to enjoy the series.Another factor that worked like a charm was that the publisher and Rowling herself, through the books, conducted midnight releases, promotions, and pre-ordering more readers. Customers who feared that their local bookstore would run out of copies responded by pre-ordering over 700,000 copies before the July 8, 2000 release.What does the underlined word “releases” (Para. 3) mean?A. The activity that frees or expresses energy or emotion.B. The announcement about the book’s publishing information.C. The sales of books that is available only at midnight.

  • 拼写合适的单词补全句子(答案不区分大小写;单词提示中一根小短线代表一个字母) Someone or something that is so---- is very serious rather than cheerful or humorous.

  • These drugs are available over-the-counter without a(n)__________. ()A. infectionB. dosageC. prescription

上一页下一页
logo
广州极目未来文化科技有限公司
注册地址:广州市黄埔区揽月路8号135、136、137、138房
关于
  • 隐私政策
  • 服务协议
  • 权限详情
学科
  • 医学
  • 政治学
  • 管理
  • 计算机
  • 教育
  • 数学
联系我们
  • 客服电话: 010-82893100
  • 公司邮箱: daxuesoutijiang@163.com
  • qt

©2023 广州极目未来文化科技有限公司 粤ICP备2023029972号    粤公网安备44011202002296号