题目
In recent years，a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy， including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us. Studies have shown， for instance， that eating in front of the TV （or a similar distraction）can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues， like plate size and lighting， have been shown to affect portion size and consumption. A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal，people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them - in other words， how much they remembered eating. This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal， says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom， a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol. "Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says， "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought." These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study， for instance， people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones， depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover， the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calories shake. What does this mean for our eating habits？Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less， the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite， Brunstrom says.（1）What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake？ ____ A. How we perceive the food we eat.B. What ingredients the food contains.C. When we eat our meals.D. How fast we eat our meals.（2）What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal？ ____ A. You would probably be more picky about food.B. You would not feel like eating the same food.C. You would have a good appetite.D. You would not feel so hungry.（3）What do we learn from the 2011 study？ ____ A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.（4）What is the main idea of the passage？ ____ A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
In recent years，a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy， including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.
Studies have shown， for instance， that eating in front of the TV （or a similar distraction）can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues， like plate size and lighting， have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal，people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them - in other words， how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal， says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom， a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says， "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study， for instance， people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones， depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover， the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calories shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits？Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less， the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite， Brunstrom says.
（1）What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake？ ____
A. How we perceive the food we eat.
B. What ingredients the food contains.
C. When we eat our meals.
D. How fast we eat our meals.
（2）What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal？ ____
A. You would probably be more picky about food.
B. You would not feel like eating the same food.
C. You would have a good appetite.
D. You would not feel so hungry.
（3）What do we learn from the 2011 study？ ____
A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.
C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.
D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？ ____
A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
Studies have shown， for instance， that eating in front of the TV （or a similar distraction）can increase both hunger and the amount of food consumed. Even simple visual cues， like plate size and lighting， have been shown to affect portion size and consumption.
A new study suggested that our short-term memory also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal，people's hunger levels were predicted not by how much they'd eaten but rather by how much food they'd seen in front of them - in other words， how much they remembered eating.
This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal， says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom， a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.
"Hunger isn't controlled solely by the physical characteristics of a recent meal. We have identified an independent role for memory for that meal，" Brunstrom says， "This shows that the relationship between hunger and food intake is more complex than we thought."
These findings echo earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes trick our body's response to the food itself. In a 2011 study， for instance， people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones， depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover， the participants reported feeling more full when they thought they'd consumed a higher-calories shake.
What does this mean for our eating habits？Although it hardly seems practical to trick ourselves into eating less， the new findings do highlight the benefits of focusing on our food avoiding TV and multitasking while eating.
The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight distractions and help us control our appetite， Brunstrom says.
（1）What is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake？ ____
A. How we perceive the food we eat.
B. What ingredients the food contains.
C. When we eat our meals.
D. How fast we eat our meals.
（2）What would happen at meal time if you remembered eating a lot in the previous meal？ ____
A. You would probably be more picky about food.
B. You would not feel like eating the same food.
C. You would have a good appetite.
D. You would not feel so hungry.
（3）What do we learn from the 2011 study？ ____
A. Food labels may mislead consumers in their purchases.
B. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.
C. Hunger levels depend on one's consumption of calories.
D. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？ ____
A. Eating distractions often affect our food digestion.
B. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.
C. Our food intake is determined by our biological needs.
D. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.
题目解答
答案
（1）A．细节理解题。根据第一段"In recent years， a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy， including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.近年来，越来越多的研究显示，除了生理上对能量的需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受多种因素影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对眼前食物的感知。"可知文章开篇指出了人们的食欲 和食物摄取受到诸多因素的影响，包括人们的饮 食环境和对面前食物的认知。故选A．
（2）D. 推理判断题。根据第四段"This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal， says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom， a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M.Brunstrom说，这种差异表明，我们对前一餐的记忆可能对我们的食欲的影响比实际的饭量更大。"可知如果你记得上一餐吃了很多东西，吃饭的时候你不会觉得那么饿。故选D.
（3）B．细节理解题。根据第六段第二句" In a 2011 study， for instance， people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones， depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories.例如，在2011年的一项研究中，人们在两个不同的场合喝同样的380卡路里的奶昔，产生不同程度的与饥饿有关的荷尔蒙，这取决于奶昔标签上写的是620卡路里还是140卡路里。"可知我们从2011年的研究中了解到食品标签可能会影响我们身体对食物的反应。故选B．
（4）B．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段"In recent years， a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy， including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.近年来，越来越多的研究表明，除了我们对能量的生理需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到许多因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对眼前食物的感知。"可知本文主要介绍了影响我们的食欲和食物摄入量的因素，所以"B． Psychological factors influence our hunger levels心理因素影响我们的饥饿程度"符合。故选B．
（2）D. 推理判断题。根据第四段"This difference suggests the memory of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our appetite than the actual size of the meal， says Jeffrey M.Brunstrom， a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.布里斯托尔大学实验心理学教授Jeffrey M.Brunstrom说，这种差异表明，我们对前一餐的记忆可能对我们的食欲的影响比实际的饭量更大。"可知如果你记得上一餐吃了很多东西，吃饭的时候你不会觉得那么饿。故选D.
（3）B．细节理解题。根据第六段第二句" In a 2011 study， for instance， people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two separate occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones， depending on whether the shake's label said it contained 620 or 140 calories.例如，在2011年的一项研究中，人们在两个不同的场合喝同样的380卡路里的奶昔，产生不同程度的与饥饿有关的荷尔蒙，这取决于奶昔标签上写的是620卡路里还是140卡路里。"可知我们从2011年的研究中了解到食品标签可能会影响我们身体对食物的反应。故选B．
（4）B．主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段"In recent years， a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy， including our eating environment and our perception（感知） of the food in front of us.近年来，越来越多的研究表明，除了我们对能量的生理需求外，我们的食欲和食物摄入量还受到许多因素的影响，包括我们的饮食环境和我们对眼前食物的感知。"可知本文主要介绍了影响我们的食欲和食物摄入量的因素，所以"B． Psychological factors influence our hunger levels心理因素影响我们的饥饿程度"符合。故选B．