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Patients have been saying it for years Hospital food-|||-is poorly prepared and totally lacking in flavor.Now a-|||-distinguished nutitionist养学家)adds a more-|||-serious complaint. Dr.Charles E.Butterworth Jr-|||-director of the nutrition program at the University of-|||-Alabama in Birmingham and chairman of the A.M A.`s-|||-Council on Foods and Nutrition,charges that hospital-|||-

题目解答

答案

解析

本文围绕医院饮食的问题展开,营养师查尔斯·E·小巴特沃思指出医院饮食常无法维持患者健康,甚至可能加重病情,并通过访问多家医院及在阿拉巴马大学医学中心附属机构的深入研究提供证据,阐述了医院和医生在患者营养方面的忽视及相关后果。

46题

题目问的是人们对医院饮食抱怨的原因。文章开头提到“Patients have been saying... poorly prepared and totally lacking in flavor.”(患者多年来说医院食物准备差、完全没味道),接着营养师进一步指出“hospital diets are often inadequate to maintain a patient's health - and sometimes so bad as to actually worsen it.”(医院饮食常不足以维持患者健康,有时甚至加重病情)。

  • A选项说大医院私人病房和小医院普通病房饮食差异大,文中未提及,排除;
  • B选项说厨师缺乏责任感,文中未提厨师责任问题,排除;
  • C选项提到“不够营养”和“味道差引发抱怨”,但“味道差”是患者多年的抱怨,而营养师的更严重投诉是“营养不足影响健康”,但题目问的是“人们的抱怨”,结合首句和营养师的话,D选项“医院饮食缺乏维持和恢复患者健康的必要营养”更全面(因为营养师的投诉是更严重的,且问题问的是“为什么抱怨”,核心是营养问题),排除C选D。

47题

题目问巴特沃思如何获取指控的证据。文中明确说“The evidence for Butterworth's charge was gathered on visits to a number of hospitals and from a more intensive study in one of the institutions associated with the University of Alabama's medical center.”(证据来自访问多家医院及在阿拉巴马大学医学中心附属机构的深入研究)。

  • A选项“从自己的患者那里获取信息”,未提及,排除;
  • B选项“访问医院并在医疗机构开展研究”,符合文意,正确;
  • C选项“假装患者住院”,未提,排除;
  • D选项“在医院附近做研究”,文中是在附属机构研究,不是附近,排除。

48题

题目问医院和医生在患者营养方面的反应。文中提到“Some institutions allow surgery... ignoring good nutrition and relying solely on antibiotics to guard against infection.”(一些机构允许手术前不增强患者体质,术后忽视营养,仅靠抗生素预防感染)。

  • A选项“提供维生素补充预防感染”,文中说很多患者没收到维生素补充,排除;
  • B选项“术后依赖抗生素加强免疫系统”,符合“relying solely on antibiotics to guard against infection”,正确;
  • C选项“忽视提供营养补充”,“frequently slight nutritional needs”是经常忽视,但B更直接对应文中“relying solely on antibiotics”,且题目问“如何回应”,B是具体做法,排除C;
  • D选项“等患者术后要求补充”,未提,排除。

49题

题目问巴特沃思研究的那个外科患者发生了什么。文中说“One surgery patient... declining in a hospital for 50 days until the doctors realized that he was suffering from a severe protein deficiency; only then did they begin giving him the extra nutrition he needed to recover.”(一个外科患者在医院医院50天,直到医生意识到严重蛋白质缺乏,才开始提供所需营养恢复)。

  • A选项“长期营养不良后最终得到营养补充”,符合文意,正确;
  • B选项“没维生素补充,心脏手术后死于蛋白质缺乏”,这是另一个患者(“another patient who received no vitamin supplements during 35 days in the intensive-care unit after open-heart surgery... died”),排除;
  • C选项“幸运因为治疗50天比另一个患者长”,文中说“ He was more fortunate than another patient”是因为他后来得到了营养补充,不是治疗时间长,排除;
  • D选项“送重症监护前瘦30磅并严重营养不良”,这是另一个患者,排除。

50题

题目问“irreversible”的意思。文中说“developed irreversible malnutrition and died”(发展为不可的营养不良并死亡),结合上下文,患者长期没营养补充,最后死亡,说明“irreversible”是无法恢复的。

  • A选项“致命的”,不是词义本身,排除;
  • B选项“复杂的”,不符,排除;
  • C选项“无法纠正的”,即不可逆转,正确;
  • D选项“严重的”,不符,排除。

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