Sociologists and other social scientists generally attribute many of the behavioral differences between genders to socialization. Socialization is the process of transferring norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors to group members. The most ___26___ period of socialization is during childhood, when adults who are members of a particular cultural group ___27___ young children on how to behave in order to comply with social ___28___. Gender is included in this process; individuals are taught how to socially behave in ___29___ with their assigned gender, which is assigned at birth based on their ___30___ sex (for instance, male babies are given the gender of “boy”, while female babies are given the gender of “girl”). Gender socialization is thus the process of educating and instructing males and females as to the norms, behaviors, values, and beliefs of group membership. Gender ___31___ can be a result of gender socialization. Girls and boys are expected to act in certain ways, and these ways are ___32___ from birth by many parents and society. For example, girls are expected to be clean and quiet, while boys are ___33___ and loud. As children get older, gender stereotypes become more ___34___ in styles of dress and choice of leisure activities. Boys and girls who do not ___35___ to gender stereotypes are usually rejected by same-age peers for being different. This can lead to negative effects, such as lower self-esteem.
Sociologists and other social scientists generally attribute many of the behavioral differences between genders to socialization. Socialization is the process of transferring norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors to group members. The most ___26___ period of socialization is during childhood, when adults who are members of a particular cultural group ___27___ young children on how to behave in order to comply with social ___28___. Gender is included in this process; individuals are taught how to socially behave in ___29___ with their assigned gender, which is assigned at birth based on their ___30___ sex (for instance, male babies are given the gender of “boy”, while female babies are given the gender of “girl”). Gender socialization is thus the process of educating and instructing males and females as to the norms, behaviors, values, and beliefs of group membership. Gender ___31___ can be a result of gender socialization. Girls and boys are expected to act in certain ways, and these ways are ___32___ from birth by many parents and society. For example, girls are expected to be clean and quiet, while boys are ___33___ and loud. As children get older, gender stereotypes become more ___34___ in styles of dress and choice of leisure activities. Boys and girls who do not ___35___ to gender stereotypes are usually rejected by same-age peers for being different. This can lead to negative effects, such as lower self-esteem.
题目解答
答案
解析
本题主要考查对文章内容的理解以及词汇的运用，解题关键在于结合上下文语境，分析每个空格处所需词汇的词性、语义和搭配。
- 第26题：
- 此空需要一个形容词来修饰名词“period”。
- 根据后文“during childhood”以及对社会化过程的描述，可知童年是社会化最重要的时期，所以应填入“important”。
- 第27题：
- 这里需要一个动词，描述成年人对儿童的行为。
- 结合“socialization”（社会化）的概念，成年人是教导儿童如何行为以符合社会规范，“socialize”有“使社会化；教导”之意，“instruct”表示“指导；教导”，二者都符合语境，故可填入“socialize”或“instruct”。
- 第28题：
- 根据前文提到的“Socialization is the process of transferring norms, values, beliefs, and behaviors to group members”，可知这里指的是儿童要遵守社会规范，“social norms”是固定搭配，意为“社会规范”，所以应填入“norms”。
- 第29题：
- “in accordance with”是固定短语，意为“与……一致；按照”。
- 这里表示个人被教导要按照被赋予的性别进行社会行为，所以应填入“accordance”。
- 第30题：
- 由“male babies”和“female babies”可知，这里说的是基于出生时的生理性别来赋予性别，“biological sex”表示“生理性别”，所以应填入“biological”。
- 第31题：
- 根据后文“Girls and boys are expected to act in certain ways”以及“gender stereotypes”等内容，可知这里说的是性别刻板印象是性别社会化的结果，所以应填入“stereotypes”。
- 第32题：
- 这里表示从出生起，许多父母和社会就把某些行为方式强加给孩子，“impose...on...”表示“把……强加于……”，“instill”有“逐渐灌输；注入”之意，二者都符合语境，所以可填入“imposed”或“instilled”。
- 第33题：
- 与“girls are expected to be clean and quiet”形成对比，男孩通常被期望是活跃的、吵闹的，“active”表示“活跃的”，“noisy”表示“吵闹的”，都符合语境，所以可填入“active”或“noisy”。
- 第34题：
- 随着孩子长大，性别刻板印象在穿着风格和休闲活动选择上会更加明显，“pronounced”有“明显的；显著的”之意，所以应填入“pronounced”。
- 第35题：
- “conform to”是固定短语，意为“符合；遵照”。
- 这里表示不符合性别刻板印象的男孩和女孩通常会被同龄人排斥，所以应填入“conform”。