Passage Three-|||-Joy:A Sabject Schools Lack-|||-Becoming chicetted should not require giving up pleasure.-|||-A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729,that the people of Ireland eat their children,he insisted it-|||-would solve three problems at once;feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a sever-|||-depression, and stimslate the restaurant busincss Even as a satire (该射),it secms dispasting and-|||-shocking in America with its child centered culture. But actually,the country is closer to his proposal-|||-than you might think.-|||-B)If you spend much time with cducators and policy makers,you`ll hear a lot of the following words:-|||-"tandarlk""roulh,""dilk,"ootme,"accoungutily,"and on.I have visited some of-|||-the newer supposedly "effective"schools,where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or-|||-must stand behind their desk when they can`t sit still.-|||-C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think-|||-about edacation, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child,or what makes childhood-|||-an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.-|||-D)I`m a mother of three,a teacher, and a drelopmestal portholight.I`ve watched a lot ol-|||-children-takling,playing,arpuing, eating, studying and being young.Here`s what I`ve come to-|||-understand. The thing that sets children apart from adalts is not their ignorance, nor their lack of-|||-skills. It`s their normous capacity for joy.Think of a 3 -year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out-|||-what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub,a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting-|||-together strings of aonsensical words with her best friends,or an 11-year-old completcly absorbed in a-|||-fascinating comic strip.A child`s ability to become deeply absorbed in something.and derive intense-|||-pleasure from that absorption,is something a spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.-|||-EA friend told me the following story.One day,when he went to get his 7-year old son from soccer-|||-practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The couch had criticized him for-|||-not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders-|||-hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly-|||-stopped,crouching(嗨伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and-|||-lower, and then,with complete joy he called out,"Dad.Come here.This is the strangest bug I`ve-|||-ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this.It`s amazing."He looked up at his father,his-|||-features overflowing with energy and delight."Can`t we stay here for just m ninute? I want to find out-|||-what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever."-|||-F)The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of-|||-youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualiter,liec perowones-|||-神不懈),obligation,and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense-|||-absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives sccking. Human lives are governed by the-|||-desire to experience joy.Becoming cdacated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding-|||-joy in new kinds of thingsi reading novels instead of playing with small fipures, condacting-|||-experiments instcad of sinking cups in the bathtub,and debating serious issucs rather than stringing-|||-together notsense words,for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more-|||-grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy;making art,making friends,-|||-making decisions.-|||-G) Building on a child`s ability to feel joy,rather than pushing it aside,wouldn`t be that hard. It would-|||-just require a shift in the education world`s minbet(思维)式),Iastead of trying to get children to-|||-work hard,why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaninghul, prodative art like-|||-making things,working with others, exploring ideas,and solving problems? These focuses are not so-|||-different from the things in which they delight.-|||-H)Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish,or think of joy as an unaffordable havy in a nation-|||-where there is awful poverty,low academic achicecent,and high dropout rates,think again. The-|||-more horrible the school circumstances,the more important plcasure is to achieving any cducational-|||-success.-|||-D Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with,often because they are pressured by their-|||-administrators, treat p&a and joy as the enemies of compcterceand reporsingly The assumption-|||-is that children shouldn`chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn-|||-to delay gotification(诀乐)so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.-|||-J)Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense cducationally.Decades of-|||-rescarch have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to-|||-learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her scat,fill out a worksheet,or practice division.But-|||-you can`t force the child to think carefally, cnjoy books,digest complex information,or devclop a-|||-taste for learning.To make that happen,you have to help the child find pleasure in learning to sce-|||-school as a source of joy,-|||-K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine;unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.-|||-Why not instead think of learning as if i were food something so valuable to humans that they have-|||-evolved to esperience it as a pleasure?-|||-L)Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. Th more difficult a child`s-|||-life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom-|||-cos (20)^circ not a dirty word. And it doesn`t run counter to the goals of public education.It is,in-|||-fact,the precondition-|||-36.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if cducators change their way of thinking.-|||-37.What distingusinhes child from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.-|||-38.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruclty.-|||-39.It is human aature to seek joy in life.-|||-40.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.-|||-41.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience-|||-42.Adults do not consider chiltren`s fecli when it comes to education-|||-43.Admistrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.-|||-44.In the so-called "dfective"schools,childre are taught self control under a sct of strict rules.-|||-45.To make learning effective, councators hav to ensure that children want to learn.