题目
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of Microplastics in water from your tap（水龙头）：boiling and filtering（过滤）it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake."The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist."We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics." （1）How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？ ____ A．By quoting an expert.B．By defining a concept.C．By giving examples.D．By providing statistics.（2）What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？ ____ A．The hardness of water.B．The length of cooling time.C．The frequency of filtering.D．The type of plastic in water.（3）What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？ ____ A．The importance of plastic recycling.B．The severity of the microplastic problem.C．The danger in overusing pure water.D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.（4）What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about？ ____ A．Choice of new research methods.B．Possible direction for further study.C．Need to involve more researchers.D．Potential application of the findings.
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.
Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of Microplastics in water from your tap（水龙头）：boiling and filtering（过滤）it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake."The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist."We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics."
（1）How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？ ____
A．By quoting an expert.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples.
D．By providing statistics.
（2）What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？ ____
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
（3）What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？ ____
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
（4）What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about？ ____
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
Now，new research suggests that a simple，cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of Microplastics in water from your tap（水龙头）：boiling and filtering（过滤）it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters，researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally，the research didn't include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene，polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn't study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake."The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist."We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics."
（1）How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph？ ____
A．By quoting an expert.
B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples.
D．By providing statistics.
（2）What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water？ ____
A．The hardness of water.
B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering.
D．The type of plastic in water.
（3）What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4？ ____
A．The importance of plastic recycling.
B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water.
D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
（4）What is Gauchotte-Lindsay's suggestion about？ ____
A．Choice of new research methods.
B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers.
D．Potential application of the findings.
题目解答
答案
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段的 Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas，stuck inside volcanic rocks，filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans（微塑料已成为地球上常见的污染源——它们定居在深海和喜马拉雅山，卡在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至掉在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内），可知作者在第一段中是通过举例说明来展示"微塑料已成为地球上常见的污染源"这个问题的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent（至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，煮沸含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水导致塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸仅使塑料含量降低了25%），可知是水的硬度决定了在水中捕获微塑料的有效性。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段的Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought（尽管如此，这些发现表明了减少微塑料暴露的潜在途径——这项任务变得越来越困难。科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初想象的多10到1000倍），可知作者在第四段中提到瓶装水，是为了说明微塑料问题的严重性。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist. "（"他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好，"苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高乔特•林赛告诉《新科学家》杂志，她没有参与这项研究。"我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。"）可知高乔特•林赛的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用——通过升级饮用水处理厂来去除微塑料。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段的Crucially，this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate（碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study，boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate，boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent（至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，煮沸含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水导致塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸仅使塑料含量降低了25%），可知是水的硬度决定了在水中捕获微塑料的有效性。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据第四段的Still，the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that's becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water，scientists found earlier this year，contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought（尽管如此，这些发现表明了减少微塑料暴露的潜在途径——这项任务变得越来越困难。科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，其微塑料含量也比最初想象的多10到1000倍），可知作者在第四段中提到瓶装水，是为了说明微塑料问题的严重性。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段"The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，"Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay，an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research，tells New Scientist. "（"他们展示的微塑料是如何通过煮沸过程被捕获的方式很好，"苏格兰格拉斯哥大学的环境工程师卡罗琳•高乔特•林赛告诉《新科学家》杂志，她没有参与这项研究。"我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，这样它们就能去除微塑料。"）可知高乔特•林赛的建议是关于这项研究结果的潜在应用——通过升级饮用水处理厂来去除微塑料。故选D。
解析
- 考查要点：第一题考查学生对文章首段写作手法的判断能力，需识别作者如何呈现微塑料污染问题。
- 解题核心：第二题需从文中提取关键细节，明确影响微塑料去除效果的因素。
- 推理能力：第三题需结合上下文，理解作者引用瓶装水案例的意图。
- 建议分析：第四题需从专家观点中提炼研究的实际应用方向。
第（1）题
写作手法分析
首段通过列举微塑料出现在深海、喜马拉雅山、火山岩、海鸟体内及人类体内的现象，用具体实例说明微塑料污染的广泛性，而非定义概念或引用数据。因此答案选C（举例说明）。
第（2）题
关键细节定位
第三段明确指出：煮沸效果依赖水中钙碳酸盐含量。钙碳酸盐含量高（硬水）时去除率高达90%，含量低时仅25%。因此答案选A（水的硬度）。
第（3）题
上下文关联
第四段提到瓶装水微塑料含量远超预期，意在强调微塑料污染已渗透到被认为安全的瓶装水，突显问题严重性。因此答案选B（微塑料问题的严重性）。
第（4）题
建议内容解析
专家建议“升级水处理厂去除微塑料”，直接指向研究结果的实际应用，而非新方法或进一步研究方向。因此答案选D（潜在应用）。