题目

【题目】-|||-If the ship is sinking,do you save yourself or risk your life to save-|||-others? The answer,it seems,depends on how long the sinking takes.-|||-If there`s enough time, you can switch from adrenalin(肾上腺素)--|||-driven self-preservation (自我保护)to conscience(良知,良心)--|||-driven self-sacrifice.-|||-The viewpoints come from a new comparison of survival data from the-|||-sinking of the Titanic in 1912 with the loss of 1517 lives out of 2207,-|||-and the sinking of the Lusitania three years later,which killed 1198-|||-passengers out of 1949.-|||-The main difference between the two sinkings was time:it took two-|||-hours and 40 minutes for the Titanic to go down,while the Lusitania-|||-sank in just 18 minutes. The result: a huge difference in survivor-|||-descriptions.-|||-On the Lusitania,survival favored able-bod men aged between 16-|||-and 35,whose probability of surviving was 7.9 percent higher than-|||-that for all remaining passengers over 35 years old.On the Titanic,in-|||-contrast,the same group of men were 6.5 percent more likely to die-|||-than their elders.Children were 30.9 percent more likely to survive on-|||-the Titanic,compared with passengers over 35,while on the Lusitania-|||-children had no better survival chance.-|||-The main reason,according to Benno Torgler of Queensland University-|||-of Technology in Brisbane,Australia, is that simple adrenalin-dri-|||-survival instinct and bodily strength affected survival on the fast--|||-sinking Lusitania.On the slow-sinking Titanic,by contrast,there was-|||-time for social norms of giving priority to women and children.-|||-Strikingly, women of all ages on the Titanic had a probability of-|||-survival 53 percent higher than for men,compared with an 11 percent-|||-higher chance of dying on the Lusitania.-|||-People say you only care about yourself, but the analysis shows-|||-that people will sacrifice themselves," sa Torgler. "But time is-|||-crucial,because the elements that restart social interactions only-|||-emerge after time.-|||-The results also support director James Cameron` s interpretation of

题目解答

答案

解析

考查要点：本题主要考查学生对文章主旨的理解，以及根据上下文推断隐含信息的能力。文章通过对比泰坦尼克号和鲁西塔尼亚号两起沉船事件，揭示了时间对人类行为模式的影响。
解题核心：需抓住文章的核心观点——在缓慢的灾难中，社会规范（如“妇孺优先”）得以实施；而在快速灾难中，个人生存本能占据主导。
破题关键：明确两艘船沉没时间的差异（2小时40分钟 vs. 18分钟），并联系数据对比（如儿童存活率、性别存活率）推断结论。

文章核心逻辑：

  1. 时间差异决定行为模式

    • 泰坦尼克号（长沉没时间）：乘客有足够时间从“自我保护”切换到“利他行为”，体现社会规范（如女性、儿童优先）。
    • 鲁西塔尼亚号（短沉没时间）：乘客受肾上腺素驱动，优先依靠体力和本能求生，社会规范被弱化。

  2. 数据对比验证结论

    • 儿童存活率：泰坦尼克号中儿童存活率比成人高30.9%，而鲁西塔尼亚号中儿童无优势。
    • 性别存活率：泰坦尼克号女性存活率比男性高53%，而鲁西塔尼亚号女性死亡率比男性高11%。

关键结论：

  • 时间是触发社会行为的必要条件。当灾难缓慢发生时，社会规范（如道德、礼仪）得以实施；而快速灾难中，生物本能主导行为。