题目
6.奥运会上最令人激动的水上比赛项目应该是200米混合泳接力项目,现某个代表队有5名队员,他们各-|||-泳姿的比赛成绩如表 8-14 所示(单位:s).-|||-表 8-14-|||-泳姿 A1 ^A2 A, A4 A5-|||-仰泳 36.3 33.1 33.8 37.0 35.4-|||-蛙泳 42.4 34.2 32.2 34.7 31.8-|||-蝶泳 33.3 28.5 38.9 30.4 33.6-|||-自由泳 29.2 26.4 29.6 28.5 31.1-|||-如何选拔队员才能使比赛成绩最好?

题目解答
答案
】:设Ai为第i泳姿的最好成绩,i=1,2,3,4,5,则Ai=min{36.3,33.1,33.8,37.0,35.4}=33.1sA2=min{42.4,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8sA3=min{33.3,28.5,38.9,30.4,33.6}=28.5sA4=min{29.2,26.4,29.6,28.5,31.1}=26.4sA5=min{33.3,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8s因此,最好成绩为33.1+31.8+28.5+26.4+31.8=151.6s
:设Ai为第i泳姿的最好成绩,i=1,2,3,4,5,则Ai=min{36.3,33.1,33.8,37.0,35.4}=33.1sA2=min{42.4,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8sA3=min{33.3,28.5,38.9,30.4,33.6}=28.5sA4=min{29.2,26.4,29.6,28.5,31.1}=26.4sA5=min{33.3,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8s因此,最好成绩为33.1+31.8+28.5+26.4+31.8=151.6s
:设Ai为第i泳姿的最好成绩,i=1,2,3,4,5,则Ai=min{36.3,33.1,33.8,37.0,35.4}=33.1sA2=min{42.4,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8sA3=min{33.3,28.5,38.9,30.4,33.6}=28.5sA4=min{29.2,26.4,29.6,28.5,31.1}=26.4sA5=min{33.3,34.2,32.2,34.7,31.8}=31.8s因此,最好成绩为33.1+31.8+28.5+26.4+31.8=151.6s
解析
考查要点:本题主要考查最优化问题中的贪心算法应用,即如何通过选择每个子问题的最优解来构造全局最优解。
解题核心思路:
在混合泳接力比赛中,总成绩由四个泳姿的时间之和决定。为了使总成绩最好(时间最短),需要为每个泳姿单独选择该泳姿中成绩最好的队员,并累加这四个最优时间。
关键点在于:
- 每个泳姿独立选择最优队员,不考虑队员是否重复使用(题目隐含允许同一队员参加多个泳姿)。
- 通过比较每个泳姿下所有队员的成绩,取最小值。
步骤1:确定每个泳姿的最优时间
对四个泳姿分别计算最小值:
- 仰泳:$\min\{36.3, 33.1, 33.8, 37.0, 35.4\} = 33.1$ s
- 蛙泳:$\min\{42.4, 34.2, 32.2, 34.7, 31.8\} = 31.8$ s
- 蝶泳:$\min\{33.3, 28.5, 38.9, 30.4, 33.6\} = 28.5$ s
- 自由泳:$\min\{29.2, 26.4, 29.6, 28.5, 31.1\} = 26.4$ s
步骤2:计算总成绩
将四个泳姿的最优时间相加:
$33.1 + 31.8 + 28.5 + 26.4 = 120.8 \, \text{s}$
注意:题目答案中可能存在笔误,自由泳的最优时间为$26.4$ s,而非重复计算$31.8$ s。正确总成绩应为$120.8$ s。