题目
请大侠帮忙翻译成英文~~~~~~明天就要用了......金属热处理是将金属工件放在一定的介质[1]中加热到适宜的温度，并在此温度中保持一定时间后，又以不同速度冷却，通过改变金属材料表面或内部的组织结构来控制其性能的一种工艺。金属热处理是机械制造中的重要工艺之一，与其他加工工艺相比，热处理一般不改变工件的形状和整体的化学成分，而是通过改变工件内部的显微组织，或改变工件表面的化学成分，赋予或改善工件的使用性能。其特点是改善工件的内在质量，而这一般不是肉眼所能看到的。为使金属工件具有所需要的力学性能、物理性能和化学性能，除合理选用材料和各种成形工艺外，热处理工艺往往是必不可少的。钢铁是机械工业中应用最广的材料，钢铁显微组织复杂，可以通过热[2]处理予以控制，所以钢铁的热处理是金属热处理的主要内容。另外，铝、铜、镁、钛等及其合金也都可以通过热处理改变其力学、物理和化学性能，以获得不同的使用性能。金属热处理的工艺热处理工艺一般包括加热、保温、冷却三个过程，有时只有加热和冷却两个过程。这些过程互相衔接，不可间断。加热是热处理的重要工序之一。金属热处理的加热方法很多，最早是采用木炭和煤作为热源，进而应用液体和气体燃料。电的应用使加热易于控制，且无环境污染。利用这些热源可以直接加热，也可以通过熔融的盐或金属，以至浮动粒子进行间接加热。金属加热时，工件暴露在空气中，常常发生氧化、脱碳[3](即钢铁零件表面碳含量降低)，这对于热处理后零件的表面性能有很不利的影响。因而金属通常应在可控气氛或保护气氛中、熔融盐中和真空[4]中加热，也可用涂料或包装方法进行保护加热。加热温度是热处理工艺的重要工艺参数之一，选择和控制加热温度，是保证热处理质量的主要问题。加热温度随被处理的金属材料和热处理的目的不同而异，但一般都是加热到相变温度以上，以获得高温组织。另外转变需要一定的时间，因此当金属工件表面达到要求的加热温度时，还须在此温度保持一定时间，使内外温度一致，使显微组织转变完全，这段时间称为保温时间。采用高能密度加热和表面热处理时，加热速度极快，一般就没有保温时间，而化学热处理的保温时间往往较长。冷却也是热处理工艺过程中不可缺少的步骤，冷却方法因工艺不同而不同，主要是控制冷[5]却速度。
请大侠帮忙翻译成英文~~~~~~明天就要用了......
金属热处理是将金属工件放在一定的介质[1]中加热到适宜的温度，并在此温度中保持一定时间后，又以不同速度冷却，通过改变金属材料表面或内部的组织结构来控制其性能的一种工艺。
金属热处理是机械制造中的重要工艺之一，与其他加工工艺相比，热处理一般不改变工件的形状和整体的化学成分，而是通过改变工件内部的显微组织，或改变工件表面的化学成分，赋予或改善工件的使用性能。其特点是改善工件的内在质量，而这一般不是肉眼所能看到的。
为使金属工件具有所需要的力学性能、物理性能和化学性能，除合理选用材料和各种成形工艺外，热处理工艺往往是必不可少的。钢铁是机械工业中应用最广的材料，钢铁显微组织复杂，可以通过热[2]处理予以控制，所以钢铁的热处理是金属热处理的主要内容。另外，铝、铜、镁、钛等及其合金也都可以通过热处理改变其力学、物理和化学性能，以获得不同的使用性能。
金属热处理的工艺
热处理工艺一般包括加热、保温、冷却三个过程，有时只有加热和冷却两个过程。这些过程互相衔接，不可间断。
加热是热处理的重要工序之一。金属热处理的加热方法很多，最早是采用木炭和煤作为热源，进而应用液体和气体燃料。电的应用使加热易于控制，且无环境污染。利用这些热源可以直接加热，也可以通过熔融的盐或金属，以至浮动粒子进行间接加热。
金属加热时，工件暴露在空气中，常常发生氧化、脱碳[3](即钢铁零件表面碳含量降低)，这对于热处理后零件的表面性能有很不利的影响。因而金属通常应在可控气氛或保护气氛中、熔融盐中和真空[4]中加热，也可用涂料或包装方法进行保护加热。
加热温度是热处理工艺的重要工艺参数之一，选择和控制加热温度，是保证热处理质量的主要问题。加热温度随被处理的金属材料和热处理的目的不同而异，但一般都是加热到相变温度以上，以获得高温组织。另外转变需要一定的时间，因此当金属工件表面达到要求的加热温度时，还须在此温度保持一定时间，使内外温度一致，使显微组织转变完全，这段时间称为保温时间。采用高能密度加热和表面热处理时，加热速度极快，一般就没有保温时间，而化学热处理的保温时间往往较长。
冷却也是热处理工艺过程中不可缺少的步骤，冷却方法因工艺不同而不同，主要是控制冷[5]却速度。
金属热处理是将金属工件放在一定的介质[1]中加热到适宜的温度，并在此温度中保持一定时间后，又以不同速度冷却，通过改变金属材料表面或内部的组织结构来控制其性能的一种工艺。
金属热处理是机械制造中的重要工艺之一，与其他加工工艺相比，热处理一般不改变工件的形状和整体的化学成分，而是通过改变工件内部的显微组织，或改变工件表面的化学成分，赋予或改善工件的使用性能。其特点是改善工件的内在质量，而这一般不是肉眼所能看到的。
为使金属工件具有所需要的力学性能、物理性能和化学性能，除合理选用材料和各种成形工艺外，热处理工艺往往是必不可少的。钢铁是机械工业中应用最广的材料，钢铁显微组织复杂，可以通过热[2]处理予以控制，所以钢铁的热处理是金属热处理的主要内容。另外，铝、铜、镁、钛等及其合金也都可以通过热处理改变其力学、物理和化学性能，以获得不同的使用性能。
金属热处理的工艺
热处理工艺一般包括加热、保温、冷却三个过程，有时只有加热和冷却两个过程。这些过程互相衔接，不可间断。
加热是热处理的重要工序之一。金属热处理的加热方法很多，最早是采用木炭和煤作为热源，进而应用液体和气体燃料。电的应用使加热易于控制，且无环境污染。利用这些热源可以直接加热，也可以通过熔融的盐或金属，以至浮动粒子进行间接加热。
金属加热时，工件暴露在空气中，常常发生氧化、脱碳[3](即钢铁零件表面碳含量降低)，这对于热处理后零件的表面性能有很不利的影响。因而金属通常应在可控气氛或保护气氛中、熔融盐中和真空[4]中加热，也可用涂料或包装方法进行保护加热。
加热温度是热处理工艺的重要工艺参数之一，选择和控制加热温度，是保证热处理质量的主要问题。加热温度随被处理的金属材料和热处理的目的不同而异，但一般都是加热到相变温度以上，以获得高温组织。另外转变需要一定的时间，因此当金属工件表面达到要求的加热温度时，还须在此温度保持一定时间，使内外温度一致，使显微组织转变完全，这段时间称为保温时间。采用高能密度加热和表面热处理时，加热速度极快，一般就没有保温时间，而化学热处理的保温时间往往较长。
冷却也是热处理工艺过程中不可缺少的步骤，冷却方法因工艺不同而不同，主要是控制冷[5]却速度。
题目解答
答案
The Heat Treatment of Metals is places the metal work piece in certain medium to heat up to the suitable temperature, and maintains certain time after this temperature, also by the friction speed cools, controls its performance through the change metallic material surface or the internal organizational structure one craft.
The Heat Treatment of Metals is one in machine manufacture's important crafts, compares with other processing craft, the heat treatment does not change the work piece generally the shape and the whole chemical composition, but through the change work piece interior's Microstructure, either the change work piece surface's chemical composition, entrusts with or the improvement work piece operational performance. Its characteristic improves the work piece the intrinsic quality, but this is not generally the naked eye can see.
In order to cause the mechanical properties which, the physical property and the chemical properties the metal work piece has needs, besides selects the material and each kind of formed craft reasonably, the heat treatment craft often is essential. The steel and iron is in the mechanical industry applies the broadest material, the steel and iron Microstructure is complex, may control through the heat treatment, therefore the steel and iron heat treatment is the Heat Treatment of Metals primary coverage. Moreover, the aluminum, the copper, the magnesium, the titanium and so on and the alloy may also change its mechanics, physics and the chemical properties through the heat treatment, obtains the different operational performance.
Heat Treatment of Metals craft
The heat treatment craft includes the heating, the heat preservation, to cool three processes generally, sometimes only then heats up and cools two processes. These processes link up mutually, cannot interrupt.
The heating is one of heat treatment important working procedures. Heat Treatment of Metals's heating means are many, is most early uses the charcoal and the coal takes the heat source, then application liquid and gaseous fuel. The electricity application causes the heating easy to control, and non-environmental pollution. Using these heat sources may the direct heating, may also through the fusing salt or the metal, down to the fluctuation granule carries on the indirect heating.
When metal heating, the work piece exposes in the air, has the oxidation, the decarbonization (i.e. steel and iron components surface carbon content to reduce) frequently, this after the heat treatment the components superficial performance has the very disadvantageous influence. Therefore the metal usually should in the controllable atmosphere or the protective atmosphere, in the fusing salt neutral vacuum heats up, also the available coating or the packing method carry on the protection heating.
The heating temperature is one of heat treatment craft important technological parameters, the choice and the controlled heating temperature, is guarantees the heat treatment quality the subject matter. The heating temperature along with the metallic material which and the heat treatment goal processes is different and is different, but is generally heats up to the transformation temperature above, obtains the high temperature organization. Moreover the transformation requires certain time, when therefore the metal work piece surface meets the requirements the heating temperature, still needs at this temperature maintains certain time, causes the inside and outside temperatures to be consistent, causes the Microstructure to transform completely, this period of time are called the soaking time. When uses the high energy density heating and the superficial heat treatment, the rate of heating is extremely quick, generally does not have the soaking time, but thermochemical treatment's soaking time is often long.
Cooling is also in the heat treatment technological process the essential step, the cooling method is different because of the craft and is different, is mainly the controlled cooling speed
The Heat Treatment of Metals is one in machine manufacture's important crafts, compares with other processing craft, the heat treatment does not change the work piece generally the shape and the whole chemical composition, but through the change work piece interior's Microstructure, either the change work piece surface's chemical composition, entrusts with or the improvement work piece operational performance. Its characteristic improves the work piece the intrinsic quality, but this is not generally the naked eye can see.
In order to cause the mechanical properties which, the physical property and the chemical properties the metal work piece has needs, besides selects the material and each kind of formed craft reasonably, the heat treatment craft often is essential. The steel and iron is in the mechanical industry applies the broadest material, the steel and iron Microstructure is complex, may control through the heat treatment, therefore the steel and iron heat treatment is the Heat Treatment of Metals primary coverage. Moreover, the aluminum, the copper, the magnesium, the titanium and so on and the alloy may also change its mechanics, physics and the chemical properties through the heat treatment, obtains the different operational performance.
Heat Treatment of Metals craft
The heat treatment craft includes the heating, the heat preservation, to cool three processes generally, sometimes only then heats up and cools two processes. These processes link up mutually, cannot interrupt.
The heating is one of heat treatment important working procedures. Heat Treatment of Metals's heating means are many, is most early uses the charcoal and the coal takes the heat source, then application liquid and gaseous fuel. The electricity application causes the heating easy to control, and non-environmental pollution. Using these heat sources may the direct heating, may also through the fusing salt or the metal, down to the fluctuation granule carries on the indirect heating.
When metal heating, the work piece exposes in the air, has the oxidation, the decarbonization (i.e. steel and iron components surface carbon content to reduce) frequently, this after the heat treatment the components superficial performance has the very disadvantageous influence. Therefore the metal usually should in the controllable atmosphere or the protective atmosphere, in the fusing salt neutral vacuum heats up, also the available coating or the packing method carry on the protection heating.
The heating temperature is one of heat treatment craft important technological parameters, the choice and the controlled heating temperature, is guarantees the heat treatment quality the subject matter. The heating temperature along with the metallic material which and the heat treatment goal processes is different and is different, but is generally heats up to the transformation temperature above, obtains the high temperature organization. Moreover the transformation requires certain time, when therefore the metal work piece surface meets the requirements the heating temperature, still needs at this temperature maintains certain time, causes the inside and outside temperatures to be consistent, causes the Microstructure to transform completely, this period of time are called the soaking time. When uses the high energy density heating and the superficial heat treatment, the rate of heating is extremely quick, generally does not have the soaking time, but thermochemical treatment's soaking time is often long.
Cooling is also in the heat treatment technological process the essential step, the cooling method is different because of the craft and is different, is mainly the controlled cooling speed