A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.B)It sponsors major jazz concerts.So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are________with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in________situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars withgrilles(护柳))that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this________as increasing a car's fiiendliness.A)alleviateB)apparentlyC)arrogantD)associatedE) circumstancesF) competitiveG) concededH) consciousnessI)desiresJ)excludedK)featureL)lonelySection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains infonnation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fi om which the infonnation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Ansyver the questions by marking the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why More Farmers Are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Diary[A]Though he didn't come from a fanning family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines likeThe Stockman Grass Fanner and Graze,he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.[B]Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt andkefir（发酵乳饮品）,on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under1%in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.[C]His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Aniburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than80%of those farms coming on board during the last two years.[D]All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began,with no end in sight. Jospeh has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland's natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.[E]Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement, Grazing herds stimulatemicrobial（微 生物的）activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.[F]In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they'1。doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.[G]While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, ifs just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to- peer learning a core piece of the company's culture. Last sunmiei Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring tomarket 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally aimounce the network at fanning conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.[H]Smith says he'll piovide services ranging from fbmial seminars to on-farm workshops onholistic（整体的）management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.[I]Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.[J]And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost- effective model. "The sun piovides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,“ he says.[K]Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat- based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they'ie advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC's most successfill product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Foixest found they'd exliausted their sources forbison（ d匕美 野牛）raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.[L]But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of 2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this 3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today yoif 11 have 1,000 bison on if We'ie bringing new blood into the old, conventional fanning ecosystem, which is really cool to see,“ Collins explains.

A) It focuses exclusively on jazz.

B)It sponsors major jazz concerts.

So how do people assign traits to an object? In part, we rely on looks. On humans, wide faces are________with dominance. Similarly, people rated cars, clocks, and watches with wide faces as more dominant-looking than narrow-faced ones, and preferred them- especially in________situations. An analysis of car sales in Germany found that cars withgrilles(护柳))that were upturned like smiles sold best. The purchasers saw this________as increasing a car's fiiendliness.

A)alleviate

B)apparently

C)arrogant

D)associated

E) circumstances

F) competitive

G) conceded

H) consciousness

I)desires

J)excluded

K)feature

L)lonely

Section B

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains infonnation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fi om which the infonnation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Ansyver the questions by marking the coiresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Why More Farmers Are Switching to Grass-Fed Meat and Diary

[A]Though he didn't come from a fanning family, from a young age Tim Joseph was fascinated by the idea of living off the land. Reading magazines likeThe Stockman Grass Fanner and Graze,he got hooked on the idea of grass-fed agriculture. The idea that all energy and wealth comes from the sun really intrigued him. He thought the shorter the distance between the sun and the end product, the higher the profit to the farmer.

[B]Joseph wanted to put this theory to the test. In 2009, he and his wife Laura launched Maple Hill Creamery, an organic, all grass-fed yogurt company in northern New York. He quickly learned what the market has demonstrated: Demand for grass- fed products currently exceeds supply. Grass-fed beef is enjoying a 25-30% annual growth rate. Sales of grass-fed yogurt andkefir（发酵乳饮品）,on the other hand, have in the last year increased by over 38%. This is comparison with a drop of just under1%in the total yogurt and kefir market, according to natural and organic market research company SPINS. Joseph's top priority became getting his hands on enough grass-fed milk to keep customers satisfied, since his own 64-cow herd wasn't going to suffice.

[C]His first partnership was with Paul and Phyllis Amburgh, owners of the Dharma Lea farm in New York. The Aniburghs, too, were true believers in grass-fed. In addition to supplying milk from their own 85-head herd, they began to help other farmers in the area convert from conventional to certified organic and grass-fed in order to enter the Maple Hill supply chain. Since 2010, the couple has helped 125 small dairy farms convert to grass-fed, with more than80%of those farms coming on board during the last two years.

[D]All this conversion has helped Maple Hill grow 40-50% every year since it began,with no end in sight. Jospeh has learned that a farmer has to have a certain mindset to successfully convert. But convincing open-minded dairy people is actually not that hard, when you look at the economics. Grass-fed milk can fetch up to 2.5 times the price of conventional milk. Another factor is the squeeze that conventional dairy farmers have felt as the price of grain they feed their cows has gone up, tightening their profit margins. By replacing expensive grain feed with regenerative management practices, grass-fed farmers are insulated from jumps in the price of feed. These practices include grazing animals on grasses grown from the pastureland's natural seed bank, and fertilized by the cows' own fertilizer.

[E]Champions of this type of regenerative grazing also point to its animal welfare, climate and health benefits: Grass-fed animals live longer out of confinement, Grazing herds stimulatemicrobial（微 生物的）activity in the soil, helping to capture water and separate carbon. And grass-fed dairy and meat have been shown to be higher in certain nutrients and healthy fats.

[F]In the grass-fed system, farmers are also not subject to the wildly fluctuating milk prices of the international commodity market. The unpredictability of global demand and the lag-time it takes to add more cows to a herd to meet demand can result in events like the recent cheese surplus. Going grass-fed is a safe refuge, a way for family-scale farms to stay viable. Usually a farmer will get to the point where financially, what they'1。doing is not working. That's when they call Maple Hill. If the farm is well managed and has enough land, and the desire to convert is sincere, a relationship can begin. Through regular regional educational meetings, a large annual meeting, individual farm visits and thousands of phone calls, the Amburghs pass on the principles of pasture management. Maple Hill signs a contract pledging to buy the farmer's milk at a guaranteed base price, plus quality premiums and incentives for higher protein, butter-fat and other solids.

[G]While Maple Hill's conversion program is unusually hands-on and comprehensive, ifs just one of a growing number of businesses committed to slowly changing the way America farms. Joseph calls sharing his knowledge network through peer-to- peer learning a core piece of the company's culture. Last sunmiei\ Massachusetts grass-fed beef advocate John Smith launched Big Picture Beef, a network of small grass-fed beef farms in New England and New York that is projected to bring tomarket 2,500 head of cattle from 125 producers this year. Early indications are that Smith will have no shortage of farm members. Since he began to informally aimounce the network at fanning conferences and on social media, he's received a steady stream of inquiries from interested farmers.

[H]Smith says he'll piovide services ranging from fbmial seminars to on-farm workshops onholistic（整体的）management, to one-on-one hand-holding and an almost 24/7 phone hotline for farmers who are converting. In exchange, he guarantees an above-market price for each animal and a calf-to-customer electronic ear tag ID system like that used in the European Union.

[I]Though advocates portray grass-fed products as a win-win situation for all, they do have downsides. Price, for one, is an issue. Joseph says his products are priced 10-20%above organic versions, but depending on the product chosen, compared to non-organic conventional yogurt, consumers could pay a premium of 30-50% or more for grass-fed. As for the meat, Smith says his grass-fed hamburger will be priced 20-25% over the conventional alternative. But a look at the prices on online grocer Fresh Direct suggests a grass-fed premium of anywhere from 35-60%.

[J]And not every farmer has the option of going grass-fed. For both beef and dairy production, it requires, at least in the beginning, more pastureland. Grass-fed beef production tends to be more labor-intensive as well. But Smith counters that if you factor in the hidden cost of government corn subsidies, environment degradation, and decreased human health and animal welfare, grass-fed is the more cost- effective model. "The sun piovides the lowest cost of production and the cheapest meat,“ he says.

[K]Another grass-fed booster spurring farmers to convert is EPIC, which makes meat- based protein bars. Founders Taylor Collins and his wife, Katie Forrest, used to be endurance athletes; now they'ie advocates of grass-fed meat. Soon after launching EPIC's most successfill product-the Bison Bacon Cranberry Bar-Collins and Foixest found they'd exliausted their sources forbison（ d匕美 野牛）raised exclusively on pasture. When they started researching the supply chain, they learned that only 2-3% of all bison is actually grass-fed. The rest is feed-lot confined and fed grain and corn.

[L]But after General Mills bought EPIC in 2016, Collins and Forrest suddenly had the resources they needed to expand their supply chain. So the company teamed up with Wisconsin-based rancher Northstar Bison. EPIC fronted the money for the purchase of $2.5 million worth of young bison that will be raised according to its grass-fed protocols, with a guaranteed purchase price. The message to young people who might not otherwise be able to afford to break into the business is, “You can purchase this $3 million piece of land here, because I'm guaranteeing you today yoif 11 have 1,000 bison on if We'ie bringing new blood into the old, conventional fanning ecosystem, which is really cool to see,“ Collins explains.