第六章 化学平衡练习题解答练习6.1 反应的是,它可表示为G-图中的切线。化学亲和势是 。练习6.2 T、p及组成恒定时反应的摩尔反应吉布斯函数变与化学势的关系是,写出两个中的任意一个即可。练习6.3 已知气相反应△rG,)在温度T时的标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数变△rG,)(T),用△rG,)(T)判断反应自动进行的方向和限度的条件是在温度T的标准状态下,且无其它功的条件下,才可以用(T)判断反应自动进行的方向和限度。练习6.4 如用化学亲和势判断反应的方向和程度的判式是,反应自发地向右进行;,反应自发地向左;△rG,),反应达到平衡。练习6.5 混合吉布斯自由能的定义是混合后与混合前的吉布斯自由能之差,即,化学反应通常不能进行到底的本质原因是反应物和产物之间存在混合吉布斯自由能。练习6.6 假设让反应能够进行到底,则使其反应在Van’t Hoff平衡箱中进行,使反应物和产物 完全分离的状态。讨论6-1 化学平衡的热力学条件是什么?它遵循什么原则?化学反应为何不能进行到底?怎样才能进行到底?练习6.7 △rG,)与△rG,)与分压力的关系不同的地方在于△rG,)是平衡时的分压商,△rG,)是任意状态下的分压商。练习6.8 在298 K时反应NO(g)=2NO(g)的= 0.1132,当时反应将向右移动。当p(NO)=1 kPa时,反应将向左移动。练习6.9 若用下列两个化学计量方程来表示合成氨的反应, (1)△rG,)△rG,) ,(2) ,。=;=2 。练习6.10 标准平衡常数与经验平衡常数的区别是标准平衡常数有热力学函数△rG,)而定义出来的,它只是温度的函数,而经验平衡常数是由实验测定平衡时的浓度而得到的,它不是真正意义上的常数,与温度压力都有关系。练习6.11 298.15 K时,平衡CH(l)CH(g)的平衡常数0.1218,298.15 K时苯的蒸汽压12.18。(已知苯的正常沸点为80.15 ℃,它在10℃时的蒸汽压为5.96 kPa。)练习6.41两种硫化汞晶体转换反应:△rG,),转换反应的标准Gibbs自由能的变化值与温度的关系为:。(1)问在373K时,哪一种硫化汞晶体较为稳定?(2)求该反应的转换温度.

7．在 298 K 时， A 和 B 两种气体单独在某一溶剂中溶解，遵守 Henry 定律，Henry 常数分别为kA 和 kB ，且知 kA> kB ，则当 A 和 B (平衡时)的压力相同时，在一定量的该溶剂中所溶解的 A 和 B 的量的关系为( )(A) A 的量大于 B 的量 (B) A 的量小于 B 的量(C) A 的量等于 B 的量 (D) A 的量与 B 的量无法比较

1、下列可用于制备化合物 _(3)C-C(H)_(2)-N(H)_(2) 的方法是 ()-|||-CH3Cl-|||-A、 一 -N(H)_(2) B、 _(3)C-C-(H)_(2)Cldfrac ({H)_(2)O}(Delta ) H2O-|||-NH3-|||-C、 _(3)C-C-C-overset (overset {O)(||)}(C)-N(H)_(2)xrightarrow [NaOH]({Br)_(2)} D、H3C square -- -Cl

下面容易吸收的铁是A. Fe3+B. Fe2+C. Fe4+D. Fe+

聚合物降解的方式有 、 、 和 四种 。

下列关于聚酰胺的吸附原理的描述中，正确的是（）。A. 通过酰胺键上的游离胺基与醌类、脂肪羧酸上的羰基形成氢键缔合而产生吸附。B. 通过酰胺键上的羰基与醌类、脂肪羧酸上的羟基形成氢键缔合而产生吸附。C. 通过分子中的酰胺羰基与酚类、黄酮类化合物的酚羟基形成氢键缔合而产生吸附。D. 通过分子中的游离胺基与酚类、黄酮类化合物的酚羟基形成氢键缔合而产生吸附。

[题目]化学专业英语-|||-4、With the exception of boron,group mA ele-|||-ments are also fairly reactive metals.Alumin-|||-um appears to be inert toward reaction with ai-|||-r,but this behavior stems from the fact that-|||-the metal forms a thin, invisible film of alu-|||-minum oride on the surface, which protects th-|||-e bulk of the metal from further ozidation.T-|||-he metals of group IlA form ions of +3 char-|||-ge.Group ⅢB consists of the metals scandiu-|||-m,ytrrium,lanthanum,and actinium.-|||-Group IAA consists of a nonmetal,carbon, tw-|||-o metalloids, silicon and germanium, and tuo-|||-metals, tin and lead. Each of these elements-|||-forms some compounds with formulas which .-|||-ndicate that four other atoms are present per-|||-group IAA atom,as, for example,carbon tetra-|||-chloride,CCl4.T he group IVB metals-titaniu-|||-m,zirconium,and a fnium-also form compou-|||-nds in which each group IVB atoms is combin-|||-ed with four other atoms; these compounds ar-|||-e non-electrolyes when pure.-|||-5、Fit a dry,200-ml.Round bottomed flask w-|||-ith a dry,water-cooled .A drying tube filled w-|||-ith calcium chloride is attached to the top of t-|||-he condenser, In the flask place 2.4g(0,10mo-|||-l) of dry magnesium turnings,a crystal of io-|||-dine,30 ml.of anhydrous ether,and 10 ml(1-|||-5.7g,0.10mole)of anhydrous bromobenzene zene,If reaction does not start immediately,-|||-warm the flask on the steam bath so that the-|||-ether refluzes gently and then remove the bat-|||-h,T his will usually initiate the reaction, T he-|||-disappearance of the iodine color,the productio-|||-n of a cloudiness in the solution, and gentle-|||-boiling of the ether are all indications that th-|||-e reaction has begun it will process of its oucn-|||-accord causing the ether to boil gently 35-40-|||-minutes.-|||-6、Green chemistry has been developed extensi-|||-vely in the methodology of the modern organic-|||-simthesis. T he encironment benignity and the-|||-high efficiency are two important factors for-|||-craluating the reactions in the green chemistr-|||-y.The inerpensice,readily avail and non=-|||-toric iron salts,which are pre preferential in the-|||-green chemistry, have been applied to the oxid-|||-ation and the C-C bond formation recently. M-|||-eanwhile the solvent free techniques possess se-|||-teral advantages as the non-classical methods-|||-which can reduce the volume of the reaction s-|||-ystem, enhance the efficiency of the readion,-|||-and mimizize the formation of the other wast-|||-e.The substitutions of the alcohols with nuc-|||-cophiles catalyzed by Lewis acids under neutra-|||-l conditions become the popular topic in these-|||-years because of atom-cconomy,comparing wit-|||-h the corresponding halids,esters and carbona-|||-tes.-|||-请不要用翻译工具翻译,谢谢!如果正确我会加

大容器核态沸腾的主要换热特点为两种

在温度T时，某化学反应的Delta_(r)H_(m)^circ0，则该反应的标准平衡常数K^circ( )A. 小于1B. 大于1C. 不确定D. 等于1

益母草膏相对密度测定,本品为煎膏剂,故采用稀释-比重瓶法测定。取本品约10(g),置洁净干燥的50(ml)具塞锥形瓶中,精密称定,煎膏重量为10.520(g),加入20(ml)纯化水,精密称定,煎膏与水总重量为30.586(g),混匀,作为供试品溶液。按比重瓶法测定,已知比重瓶重21.597(g),充满供试液共重32.816(g),充满水后共重31.530(g)。标准规定本品相对密度应不低于1.36,请计算益母草膏的相对密度,并判断其相对密度是否符合规定。